The On-Line Encyclopedia of Bongard Problems

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Closed shape outline vs. non-closed curve.

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	COMMENTS	`All examples in this Bongard Problem are non-self-intersecting curves.`
	REFERENCE	`M. M. Bongard, Pattern Recognition, Spartan Books, 1970, p. 218.`
	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP10 BP11 BP12 BP13 BP14 * BP16 BP17 BP18 BP19 BP20`
	KEYWORD	`nice, unstable, world, finished, traditional, bongard`
	CONCEPT	`closed_open (info \| search),` `hole (info \| search),` `loop (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`curve_or_outline [smaller \| same \| bigger] zoom in left (shape_outline) \| zoom in right (curve)`
	AUTHOR	`Mikhail M. Bongard`

Shape with a reflex corner vs. shape without a reflex corner.

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	COMMENTS	`All examples in this Bongard Problem are outlines of shapes.`
	REFERENCE	`M. M. Bongard, Pattern Recognition, Spartan Books, 1970, p. 219.`
	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP12 BP13 BP14 BP15 BP16 * BP18 BP19 BP20 BP21 BP22`
	KEYWORD	`finished, traditional, bongard`
	CONCEPT	`acute (info \| search),` `angle (info \| search),` `indentation (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`shape_outline [smaller \| same \| bigger]`
	AUTHOR	`Mikhail M. Bongard`

"Pinched" shape (drastically thinner somewhere in the middle than on the ends) vs. non-pinched shape.

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	COMMENTS	`All examples in this Bongard Problem are oblong outlines of shapes.`
	REFERENCE	`M. M. Bongard, Pattern Recognition, Spartan Books, 1970, p. 219.`
	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP13 BP14 BP15 BP16 BP17 * BP19 BP20 BP21 BP22 BP23`
	KEYWORD	`finished, traditional, bongard`
	CONCEPT	`neck_narrowing (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`elongated_outline [smaller \| same \| bigger]`
	AUTHOR	`Mikhail M. Bongard`

One vs. two figures.

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	COMMENTS	`All examples in this Problem comprise one or two shape outlines.`
	REFERENCE	`M. M. Bongard, Pattern Recognition, Spartan Books, 1970, p. 221.`
	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP18 BP19 BP20 BP21 BP22 * BP24 BP25 BP26 BP27 BP28`
	KEYWORD	`easy, nice, precise, number, world, gap, finished, traditional, bongard`
	CONCEPT	`number (info \| search),` `one (info \| search),` `two (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`outlines [smaller \| same \| bigger] zoom in left (shape_outline) \| zoom in right (two_outlines)`
	AUTHOR	`Mikhail M. Bongard`

A curve with one self-crossing vs. a curve without a self-crossing.

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	REFERENCE	`M. M. Bongard, Pattern Recognition, Spartan Books, 1970, p. 223.`
	CROSSREFS	`BP1232 is almost exactly the same, but allowing for multiple curves and multiple self-crossings.` `Adjacent-numbered pages: BP25 BP26 BP27 BP28 BP29 * BP31 BP32 BP33 BP34 BP35`
	KEYWORD	`nice, finished, traditional, bongard`
	CONCEPT	`x-crossing (info \| search),` `existence (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`crosscurve [smaller \| same \| bigger] zoom in right (curve_or_outline)`
	AUTHOR	`Mikhail M. Bongard`

A sharp projection vs. no sharp projection.

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	REFERENCE	`M. M. Bongard, Pattern Recognition, Spartan Books, 1970, p. 224.`
	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP27 BP28 BP29 BP30 BP31 * BP33 BP34 BP35 BP36 BP37`
	KEYWORD	`nice, notso, finished, traditional, bongard`
	CONCEPT	`acute (info \| search),` `angle (info \| search),` `cusp (info \| search),` `protrusion (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`shape_outline [smaller \| same \| bigger]`
	AUTHOR	`Mikhail M. Bongard`

Acute angle vs. no acute angle.

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	REFERENCE	`M. M. Bongard, Pattern Recognition, Spartan Books, 1970, p. 224.`
	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP28 BP29 BP30 BP31 BP32 * BP34 BP35 BP36 BP37 BP38`
	KEYWORD	`nice, stretch, finished, traditional, bongard`
	CONCEPT	`acute (info \| search),` `angle (info \| search),` `existence (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`Multiple options: mediumsize_centered_outline [smaller \| same \| bigger], shape_outline [smaller \| same \| bigger]`
	AUTHOR	`Mikhail M. Bongard`

Vertical axis of symmetry vs. no axis of symmetry.

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	REFERENCE	`M. M. Bongard, Pattern Recognition, Spartan Books, 1970, p. 230.`
	CROSSREFS	`BP152 is the same solution (with the sides switched), using connected shapes and without black filling.` `BP1206 was created to be a slightly different version of this: "vertical axis of symmetry vs. no vertical axis of symmetry." (That less specific solution fits this Bongard Problem as well.)` `Adjacent-numbered pages: BP45 BP46 BP47 BP48 BP49 * BP51 BP52 BP53 BP54 BP55`
	KEYWORD	`nice, stretch, left-narrow, finished, traditional, bongard`
	CONCEPT	`symmetry_axis (info \| search),` `symmetry (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`curves_and_fill_shapes_separate_drawing [smaller \| same \| bigger]`
	AUTHOR	`Mikhail M. Bongard`

Some similar figures vs. no similar figures.

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	REFERENCE	`M. M. Bongard, Pattern Recognition, Spartan Books, 1970, p. 233.`
	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP55 BP56 BP57 BP58 BP59 * BP61 BP62 BP63 BP64 BP65`
	KEYWORD	`noisy, finished, traditional, bongard`
	CONCEPT	`similar_shape (info \| search),` `similar (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`outlines [smaller \| same \| bigger]`
	AUTHOR	`Mikhail M. Bongard`

Three identical elements vs. four identical elements.

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	REFERENCE	`M. M. Bongard, Pattern Recognition, Spartan Books, 1970, p. 244.`
	CROSSREFS	`BP1226 is "three identical elements vs. other number of identical elements".` `Adjacent-numbered pages: BP86 BP87 BP88 BP89 BP90 * BP92 BP93 BP94 BP95 BP96`
	KEYWORD	`number, ignoreimperfections, finished, traditional, bongard`
	CONCEPT	`indentation (info \| search),` `on_line_or_curve (info \| search),` `number (info \| search),` `protrusion (info \| search),` `separation_of_joined_objects (info \| search),` `same (info \| search),` `three (info \| search),` `four (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`curves_and_fill_shapes_drawing [smaller \| same \| bigger]`
	AUTHOR	`Mikhail M. Bongard`

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