The On-Line Encyclopedia of Bongard Problems

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"Pinched" shape (drastically thinner somewhere in the middle than on the ends) vs. non-pinched shape.

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	COMMENTS	`All examples in this Bongard Problem are oblong outlines of shapes.`
	REFERENCE	`M. M. Bongard, Pattern Recognition, Spartan Books, 1970, p. 219.`
	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP13 BP14 BP15 BP16 BP17 * BP19 BP20 BP21 BP22 BP23`
	KEYWORD	`finished, traditional, bongard`
	CONCEPT	`neck_narrowing (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`elongated_outline [smaller \| same \| bigger]`
	AUTHOR	`Mikhail M. Bongard`

Horizontal pinch vs. vertical pinch.

(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)

	COMMENTS	`All examples in this Bongard Problem are outlines of shapes. More specifically, all examples have a thin horizontal or vertical bridge in the middle connecting two wide ends.`
	REFERENCE	`M. M. Bongard, Pattern Recognition, Spartan Books, 1970, p. 220.`
	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP14 BP15 BP16 BP17 BP18 * BP20 BP21 BP22 BP23 BP24`
	KEYWORD	`dual, rotate, finished, traditional, bongard`
	CONCEPT	`horizontal (info \| search),` `neck_narrowing (info \| search),` `vertical (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`[smaller \| same \| bigger]`
	AUTHOR	`Mikhail M. Bongard`

Small shape present vs. all shapes large.

(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)

	COMMENTS	`All examples in this problem include three or fewer outlines of circles and (non-skinny) triangles.`
	REFERENCE	`M. M. Bongard, Pattern Recognition, Spartan Books, 1970, p. 220.`
	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP16 BP17 BP18 BP19 BP20 * BP22 BP23 BP24 BP25 BP26`
	KEYWORD	`finished, traditional, bongard`
	CONCEPT	`existence (info \| search),` `size (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`circle_triangle_outlines [smaller \| same \| bigger]`
	AUTHOR	`Mikhail M. Bongard`

All shapes approximately the same size vs. shapes of different size.

(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)

	COMMENTS	`All examples in this problem include three or fewer outlines of circles, (near-square) quadrilaterals and (non-skinny) triangles.`
	REFERENCE	`M. M. Bongard, Pattern Recognition, Spartan Books, 1970, p. 221.`
	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP17 BP18 BP19 BP20 BP21 * BP23 BP24 BP25 BP26 BP27`
	KEYWORD	`finished, traditional, bongard`
	CONCEPT	`all (info \| search),` `average (info \| search),` `size (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`circle_triangle_squareish_outlines [smaller \| same \| bigger]`
	AUTHOR	`Mikhail M. Bongard`

One vs. two figures.

(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)

	COMMENTS	`All examples in this Problem comprise one or two shape outlines.`
	REFERENCE	`M. M. Bongard, Pattern Recognition, Spartan Books, 1970, p. 221.`
	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP18 BP19 BP20 BP21 BP22 * BP24 BP25 BP26 BP27 BP28`
	KEYWORD	`easy, nice, precise, number, world, gap, finished, traditional, bongard`
	CONCEPT	`number (info \| search),` `one (info \| search),` `two (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`outlines [smaller \| same \| bigger] zoom in left (shape_outline) \| zoom in right (two_outlines)`
	AUTHOR	`Mikhail M. Bongard`

A circle vs. no circle.

(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)

	COMMENTS	`All small squares appearing in this problem are axis-aligned.`
	REFERENCE	`M. M. Bongard, Pattern Recognition, Spartan Books, 1970, p. 221.`
	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP19 BP20 BP21 BP22 BP23 * BP25 BP26 BP27 BP28 BP29`
	KEYWORD	`finished, traditional, bongard`
	CONCEPT	`circle (info \| search),` `existence (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`circle_square_eq-tri_small_outlines [smaller \| same \| bigger]`
	AUTHOR	`Mikhail M. Bongard`

A curve with one self-crossing vs. a curve without a self-crossing.

(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)

	REFERENCE	`M. M. Bongard, Pattern Recognition, Spartan Books, 1970, p. 223.`
	CROSSREFS	`BP1232 is almost exactly the same, but allowing for multiple curves and multiple self-crossings.` `Adjacent-numbered pages: BP25 BP26 BP27 BP28 BP29 * BP31 BP32 BP33 BP34 BP35`
	KEYWORD	`nice, finished, traditional, bongard`
	CONCEPT	`x-crossing (info \| search),` `existence (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`crosscurve [smaller \| same \| bigger] zoom in right (curve_or_outline)`
	AUTHOR	`Mikhail M. Bongard`

One line vs. two lines.

(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)

	REFERENCE	`M. M. Bongard, Pattern Recognition, Spartan Books, 1970, p. 224.`
	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP26 BP27 BP28 BP29 BP30 * BP32 BP33 BP34 BP35 BP36`
	KEYWORD	`easy, precise, allsorted, left-narrow, right-narrow, pixelperfect, traditional, bongard`
	CONCEPT	`distinguishing_crossing_curves (info \| search),` `one (info \| search),` `two (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`smooth_crosscurves [smaller \| same \| bigger]`
	AUTHOR	`Mikhail M. Bongard`

A sharp projection vs. no sharp projection.

(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)

	REFERENCE	`M. M. Bongard, Pattern Recognition, Spartan Books, 1970, p. 224.`
	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP27 BP28 BP29 BP30 BP31 * BP33 BP34 BP35 BP36 BP37`
	KEYWORD	`nice, notso, finished, traditional, bongard`
	CONCEPT	`acute (info \| search),` `angle (info \| search),` `cusp (info \| search),` `protrusion (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`shape_outline [smaller \| same \| bigger]`
	AUTHOR	`Mikhail M. Bongard`

Acute angle vs. no acute angle.

(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)

	REFERENCE	`M. M. Bongard, Pattern Recognition, Spartan Books, 1970, p. 224.`
	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP28 BP29 BP30 BP31 BP32 * BP34 BP35 BP36 BP37 BP38`
	KEYWORD	`nice, stretch, finished, traditional, bongard`
	CONCEPT	`acute (info \| search),` `angle (info \| search),` `existence (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`Multiple options: mediumsize_centered_outline [smaller \| same \| bigger], shape_outline [smaller \| same \| bigger]`
	AUTHOR	`Mikhail M. Bongard`

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