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BP23 One vs. two figures.
(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
COMMENTS

All examples in this Problem comprise one or two shape outlines.

REFERENCE

M. M. Bongard, Pattern Recognition, Spartan Books, 1970, p. 221.

CROSSREFS

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP18 BP19 BP20 BP21 BP22  *  BP24 BP25 BP26 BP27 BP28

KEYWORD

easy, nice, precise, number, world, gap, finished, traditional, bongard

CONCEPT number (info | search),
one (info | search),
two (info | search)

WORLD

outlines [smaller | same | bigger]
zoom in left (shape_outline) | zoom in right (two_outlines)

AUTHOR

Mikhail M. Bongard

BP31 One line vs. two lines.
(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
REFERENCE

M. M. Bongard, Pattern Recognition, Spartan Books, 1970, p. 224.

CROSSREFS

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP26 BP27 BP28 BP29 BP30  *  BP32 BP33 BP34 BP35 BP36

KEYWORD

easy, precise, allsorted, left-narrow, right-narrow, pixelperfect, traditional, bongard

CONCEPT distinguishing_crossing_curves (info | search),
one (info | search),
two (info | search)

WORLD

smooth_crosscurves [smaller | same | bigger]

AUTHOR

Mikhail M. Bongard

BP97 Triangles vs. circles.
(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
REFERENCE

M. M. Bongard, Pattern Recognition, Spartan Books, 1970, p. 246.

CROSSREFS

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP92 BP93 BP94 BP95 BP96  *  BP98 BP99 BP100 BP101 BP102

KEYWORD

easy, nice, finished, traditional, bongard

CONCEPT convex_hull (info | search),
imagined_shape (info | search),
imagined_entity (info | search)

AUTHOR

Mikhail M. Bongard

BP98 Triangles vs. quadrangles.
(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
REFERENCE

M. M. Bongard, Pattern Recognition, Spartan Books, 1970, p. 246.

CROSSREFS

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP93 BP94 BP95 BP96 BP97  *  BP99 BP100 BP101 BP102 BP103

KEYWORD

easy, nice, noisy, number, finished, traditional, bongard

CONCEPT number (info | search)

AUTHOR

Mikhail M. Bongard

BP100 The letter A vs. the letter Б.
(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
COMMENTS

This is the final problem in Bongard's original collection. It is the only member of the collection that makes reference to human culture. This can be interpreted symbolically as foreshadowing that computers will be able to perform the various tasks that humans can do.


Another idea introduced by this Bongard Problem is that a Bongard Problem can teach its solution to the solver. (See keyword teach.) A large pool of examples can be used for training, as is common in machine learning.

REFERENCE

M. M. Bongard, Pattern Recognition, Spartan Books, 1970, p. 247.

CROSSREFS

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP95 BP96 BP97 BP98 BP99  *  BP101 BP102 BP103 BP104 BP105

KEYWORD

easy, nice, teach, arbitrary, anticomputer, culture, finished, bongard

CONCEPT specific_shape (info | search),
specificity (info | search)

AUTHOR

Mikhail M. Bongard

BP194 Background is a parallelogram vs. background is a triangle.
(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
CROSSREFS

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP189 BP190 BP191 BP192 BP193  *  BP195 BP196 BP197 BP198 BP199

KEYWORD

easy, nice, noisy, traditional

CONCEPT shape_background (info | search),
number (info | search),
imagined_shape (info | search),
imagined_entity (info | search),
triangle (info | search)

AUTHOR

Harry E. Foundalis

BP196 Light-colored texture vs. dark-colored texture.
?
(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
COMMENTS

More white than black vs. more black than white.

CROSSREFS

See BP211 for a version of this Problem that includes as examples more general kinds of images than uniform textures.

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP191 BP192 BP193 BP194 BP195  *  BP197 BP198 BP199 BP200 BP201

KEYWORD

easy, nice, spectrum, dual, blackwhite, traditional, continuous, viceversa, dithering

CONCEPT light_dark (info | search),
texture_area (info | search),
texture (info | search)

WORLD

[smaller | same | bigger]
zoom in left | zoom in right

AUTHOR

Harry E. Foundalis

BP211 More black than white vs. more white than black.
(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
CROSSREFS

See BP196 for a version of this Problem restricted to uniform textures.

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP206 BP207 BP208 BP209 BP210  *  BP212 BP213 BP214 BP215 BP216

KEYWORD

easy, nice, spectrum, dual, blackwhite, unstable, right-null, perfect, pixelperfect, traditional, continuous, viceversa, bordercontent

CONCEPT outlined_filled (info | search),
size (info | search),
texture (info | search)

WORLD

bmp [smaller | same | bigger]
zoom in left | zoom in right

AUTHOR

Giuseppe Insana

BP363 Counterclockwise along the curve following the arrow vs. clockwise along the curve following the arrow.
(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
CROSSREFS

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP358 BP359 BP360 BP361 BP362  *  BP364 BP365 BP366 BP367 BP368

KEYWORD

easy, nice, dual, handed, leftright, updown, gap, traditional

CONCEPT arrow (info | search),
turn_orientation (info | search),
tracing_line_or_curve (info | search)

AUTHOR

Aaron David Fairbanks

BP374 Simple object vs. complex object.
(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
COMMENTS

People consistently get the answer to this, but many people think they haven't found the actual answer yet even though they have. - Aaron David Fairbanks, Aug 16 2020

CROSSREFS

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP369 BP370 BP371 BP372 BP373  *  BP375 BP376 BP377 BP378 BP379

KEYWORD

easy, nice, traditional

CONCEPT simplicity (info | search)

AUTHOR

Aaron David Fairbanks

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