The On-Line Encyclopedia of Bongard Problems

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One vs. two figures.

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	COMMENTS	`All examples in this Problem comprise one or two shape outlines.`
	REFERENCE	`M. M. Bongard, Pattern Recognition, Spartan Books, 1970, p. 221.`
	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP18 BP19 BP20 BP21 BP22 * BP24 BP25 BP26 BP27 BP28`
	KEYWORD	`easy, nice, precise, number, world, gap, finished, traditional, bongard`
	CONCEPT	`number (info \| search),` `one (info \| search),` `two (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`outlines [smaller \| same \| bigger] zoom in left (shape_outline) \| zoom in right (two_outlines)`
	AUTHOR	`Mikhail M. Bongard`

One line vs. two lines.

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	REFERENCE	`M. M. Bongard, Pattern Recognition, Spartan Books, 1970, p. 224.`
	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP26 BP27 BP28 BP29 BP30 * BP32 BP33 BP34 BP35 BP36`
	KEYWORD	`easy, precise, allsorted, left-narrow, right-narrow, pixelperfect, traditional, bongard`
	CONCEPT	`distinguishing_crossing_curves (info \| search),` `one (info \| search),` `two (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`smooth_crosscurves [smaller \| same \| bigger]`
	AUTHOR	`Mikhail M. Bongard`

Two clusters of three and two objects each vs. one cluster of three objects and two different objects.

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	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP136 BP137 BP138 BP139 BP140 * BP142 BP143 BP144 BP145 BP146`
	KEYWORD	`traditional`
	CONCEPT	`and (info \| search),` `number (info \| search),` `feature_cluster (info \| search),` `cluster (info \| search),` `same_shape (info \| search),` `same (info \| search),` `one (info \| search),` `two (info \| search),` `three (info \| search)`
	AUTHOR	`Douglas R. Hofstadter`

Different ways of grouping yield same 4-1 split vs. different ways of grouping yield different 4-1 splits.

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	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP140 BP141 BP142 BP143 BP144 * BP146 BP147 BP148 BP149 BP150`
	KEYWORD	`traditional, miniworlds`
	CONCEPT	`and (info \| search),` `number (info \| search),` `feature_cluster (info \| search),` `cluster (info \| search),` `same_shape (info \| search),` `same (info \| search),` `similar_shape (info \| search),` `similar (info \| search),` `one (info \| search),` `four (info \| search)`
	AUTHOR	`Douglas R. Hofstadter`

Lone square vs. lone circle.

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	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP144 BP145 BP146 BP147 BP148 * BP150 BP151 BP152 BP153 BP154`
	KEYWORD	`traditional`
	CONCEPT	`near_far (info \| search),` `feature_cluster (info \| search),` `cluster_of_one (info \| search),` `cluster (info \| search),` `one (info \| search)`
	AUTHOR	`Douglas R. Hofstadter`

One concavity vs. two concavities.

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	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP176 BP177 BP178 BP179 BP180 * BP182 BP183 BP184 BP185 BP186`
	KEYWORD	`noisy, traditional`
	CONCEPT	`indentation (info \| search),` `number (info \| search),` `one (info \| search),` `two (info \| search)`
	AUTHOR	`Harry E. Foundalis`

One cluster vs. two clusters.

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	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP215 BP216 BP217 BP218 BP219 * BP221 BP222 BP223 BP224 BP225`
	KEYWORD	`traditional`
	CONCEPT	`number (info \| search),` `feature_cluster (info \| search),` `cluster_of_one (info \| search),` `cluster (info \| search),` `one (info \| search),` `two (info \| search)`
	AUTHOR	`Giuseppe Insana`

One outer outline vs. more than one outer outline.

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	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP317 BP318 BP319 BP320 BP321 * BP323 BP324 BP325 BP326 BP327`
	KEYWORD	`nice, precise, allsorted, traditional`
	CONCEPT	`separated_regions (info \| search),` `interior_exterior (info \| search),` `outer_outline (info \| search),` `recursion (info \| search),` `one (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`nest_shapes [smaller \| same \| bigger]`
	AUTHOR	`Aaron David Fairbanks`

One object does not belong to the pattern of the rest vs. all objects form one pattern.

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	COMMENTS	`The left examples are the right examples with one object altered, which makes the solution easier to see.` `"Odd one out."`
	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP344 BP345 BP346 BP347 BP348 * BP350 BP351 BP352 BP353 BP354`
	KEYWORD	`anticomputer, help, contributepairs, traditional, rules, collection`
	CONCEPT	`categorization (info \| search),` `existence (info \| search),` `feature_cluster (info \| search),` `number_cluster (info \| search),` `shape_cluster (info \| search),` `cluster_of_one (info \| search),` `cluster (info \| search),` `one (info \| search)`
	AUTHOR	`Aaron David Fairbanks`

Image of a Bongard Problem with (left) solution property that can have multiplicity vs. not so.

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	COMMENTS	`All examples are "object present vs. object absent" Problems.`
	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP828 BP829 BP830 BP831 BP832 * BP834 BP835 BP836 BP837 BP838`
	KEYWORD	`abstract, meta (see left/right), miniproblems, creativeexamples, assumesfamiliarity, structure, presentationinvariant`
	CONCEPT	`existence (info \| search),` `number (info \| search),` `one (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`[smaller \| same \| bigger]`
	AUTHOR	`Aaron David Fairbanks`

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