The On-Line Encyclopedia of Bongard Problems

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BP1

Empty image vs. non-empty image.

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	COMMENTS	`The first Bongard Problem.` `All examples in this Bongard Problem are line drawings (one or more connected figures made up of curved and non-curved lines).`
	REFERENCE	`M. M. Bongard, Pattern Recognition, Spartan Books, 1970, p. 214.`
	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: * BP2 BP3 BP4 BP5 BP6`
	EXAMPLE	`A circle fits on the right because it is not nothing.`
	KEYWORD	`easy, nice, precise, allsorted, unstable, world, left-narrow, left-finite, left-full, left-null, perfect, pixelperfect, finished, traditional, stableworld, deformstable, bongard`
	CONCEPT	`empty (info \| search),` `existence (info \| search),` `zero (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`zoom in left (blank_image) \| zoom in right (curves_drawing)`
	AUTHOR	`Mikhail M. Bongard`

BP211

More black than white vs. more white than black.

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	CROSSREFS	`See BP196 for a version of this Problem restricted to uniform textures.` `Adjacent-numbered pages: BP206 BP207 BP208 BP209 BP210 * BP212 BP213 BP214 BP215 BP216`
	KEYWORD	`easy, nice, spectrum, dual, blackwhite, unstable, right-null, perfect, pixelperfect, traditional, continuous, viceversa, bordercontent`
	CONCEPT	`outlined_filled (info \| search),` `size (info \| search),` `texture (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`bmp [smaller \| same \| bigger] zoom in left \| zoom in right`
	AUTHOR	`Giuseppe Insana`

BP359

Random arrangement of pixels vs. not so.

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	COMMENTS	`By "random" we mean it's reasonable to expect each pixel in the image was chosen with a constant, consistent chance of being black or white.`
	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP354 BP355 BP356 BP357 BP358 * BP360 BP361 BP362 BP363 BP364`
	KEYWORD	`nice, right-narrow, collective, experimental, blackwhiteinvariant`
	CONCEPT	`pattern_or_random (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`bmp [smaller \| same \| bigger]`
	AUTHOR	`Aaron David Fairbanks`

BP374

Simple object vs. complex object.

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	COMMENTS	`People consistently get the answer to this, but many people think they haven't found the actual answer yet even though they have. - Aaron David Fairbanks, Aug 16 2020`
	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP369 BP370 BP371 BP372 BP373 * BP375 BP376 BP377 BP378 BP379`
	KEYWORD	`easy, nice, traditional`
	CONCEPT	`simplicity (info \| search)`
	AUTHOR	`Aaron David Fairbanks`

BP533

Contains smaller copy of itself vs. doesn't.

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	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP528 BP529 BP530 BP531 BP532 * BP534 BP535 BP536 BP537 BP538`
	EXAMPLE	`A smaller copy of EX6409 (the black area) can be located within itself, but some of the white space inside it is not retained in this smaller copy.`
	KEYWORD	`perfect, infinitedetail, contributepairs`
	CONCEPT	`fractal (info \| search),` `recursion (info \| search),` `self-reference (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`connected_built_from_self_tile_fractals [smaller \| same \| bigger]`
	AUTHOR	`Aaron David Fairbanks`

BP961

Includes itself on the left vs. includes itself on the right.

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	COMMENTS	`Some examples are Bongard Problems with this solution.`
	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP956 BP957 BP958 BP959 BP960 * BP962 BP963 BP964 BP965 BP966`
	KEYWORD	`nice, precise, dual, handed, leftright, perfect, infinitedetail, both, neither, preciseworld`
	CONCEPT	`fractal (info \| search),` `recursion (info \| search),` `self-reference (info \| search)`
	AUTHOR	`Aaron David Fairbanks`

BP968

Valid Bongard Problem vs. invalid Bongard Problem.

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	COMMENTS	`"Invalid Bongard Problems" are images that look sort of like Bongard Problems but aren't actually Bongard Problems.` `With many examples included, this Problem might be placed somewhere to nonverbally show someone the subtler rules about what is allowed and what isn't allowed in Bongard Problems.` `See BP829 for the Bongard Problem about Bongard Problems with no clear solution.`
	CROSSREFS	`See BP522 (flipped) for a version with links to pages on the OEBP instead of images of Bongard Problems (miniproblems).` `See BP829 (flipped) for a near exact copy of this Bongard Problem idea but that does not include images with two of the same boxes on either side.` `Also see BP1080, which includes various different formats of Bongard Problems, distinguishing them from arbitrary images that are not Bongard Problems.` `Adjacent-numbered pages: BP963 BP964 BP965 BP966 BP967 * BP969 BP970 BP971 BP972 BP973`
	KEYWORD	`teach, meta (see left/right), miniproblems, assumesfamiliarity, structure`
	AUTHOR	`Jago Collins`

BP979

It is possible to deduce the contents of the missing square vs. not so.

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	COMMENTS	`All examples show grids of squares with an image in each square, such that there is some "rule" the images within the grid obey. The "rule" can be about how the images relate to their neighbors, it can involve the position of the images in the grid, and it can involve properties of the grid considered as a whole. One square from somewhere along the edge of the grid is removed.` `Intentionally left out of this Problem (shown above sorted ambiguously) are cases in which the rule is not possible to deduce without seeing more squares. Due to this choice to omit those kinds of examples from the right, another acceptable solution is "it is possible to deduce the contents of the missing square once the underlying rule is understood vs. not so."`
	REFERENCE	`https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raven%27s_Progressive_Matrices`
	CROSSREFS	`BP1258 is very similar: whether ALL squares can be deduced from the rest.` `Adjacent-numbered pages: BP974 BP975 BP976 BP977 BP978 * BP980 BP981 BP982 BP983 BP984`
	KEYWORD	`nice, notso, structure, rules, miniworlds`
	CONCEPT	`convey_enough_information (info \| search),` `choice (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`grid_of_images_with_rule_one_on_edge_missing [smaller \| same \| bigger]`
	AUTHOR	`Aaron David Fairbanks`

BP1206

Vertical axis of symmetry vs. no vertical axis of symmetry.

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	COMMENTS	`The solution for this Bongard Problem is also a (less specific) solution for BP500, "vertical axis of symmetry vs. no axis of symmetry".`
	CROSSREFS	`BP1207 is the same solution but using the horizontal axis instead of the vertical axis.` `BP1215 is the same solution but with the NW/SE diagonal instead of the vertical axis.` `Adjacent-numbered pages: BP1201 BP1202 BP1203 BP1204 BP1205 * BP1207 BP1208 BP1209 BP1210 BP1211`
	KEYWORD	`stub, notso, stretch, left-narrow, traditional`
	CONCEPT	`symmetry_axis (info \| search),` `symmetry (info \| search),` `vertical (info \| search)`
	AUTHOR	`Aaron David Fairbanks`

BP1208

More triangles left than right vs. more triangles right than left.

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	COMMENTS	`The triangles vary in size in order to make the solution clearly about quantity, not "total mass".`
	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP1203 BP1204 BP1205 BP1206 BP1207 * BP1209 BP1210 BP1211 BP1212 BP1213`
	KEYWORD	`stub, precise, spectrum, dual, handed, leftright, traditional`
	CONCEPT	`number (info \| search),` `triangle (info \| search),` `quantity_comparison (info \| search)`
	AUTHOR	`Aaron David Fairbanks`

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