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BP523 Same amount of black in any vertical slice vs. varying amounts of black in vertical slices.
(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
CROSSREFS

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP518 BP519 BP520 BP521 BP522  *  BP524 BP525 BP526 BP527 BP528

KEYWORD

nice, precise, rotate, stretch, unstable, perfect, pixelperfect, traditional

WORLD

shapes_can_touch_box [smaller | same | bigger]

AUTHOR

Aaron David Fairbanks

BP529 Fractal tiles itself with smaller non-rotated (nor reflected) copies of itself vs. fractal requires turning to tile itself.
(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
COMMENTS

No included examples involve reflection.

CROSSREFS

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP524 BP525 BP526 BP527 BP528  *  BP530 BP531 BP532 BP533 BP534

KEYWORD

perfect, infinitedetail

CONCEPT fractal (info | search),
rotation_required (info | search),
self-reference (info | search),
tiling (info | search)

WORLD

fractal_self_tile [smaller | same | bigger]

AUTHOR

Aaron David Fairbanks

BP530 Fractal tiles itself with uniformly scaled-down copies of itself vs. fractal tiles itself with stretched copies of itself.
(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
COMMENTS

"Self-similar" vs. "self-affine."

CROSSREFS

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP525 BP526 BP527 BP528 BP529  *  BP531 BP532 BP533 BP534 BP535

KEYWORD

perfect, infinitedetail

CONCEPT fractal (info | search),
self-reference (info | search),
tiling (info | search)

WORLD

fractal_self_tile_affine_allowed [smaller | same | bigger]
zoom in left (fractal_self_tile)

AUTHOR

Aaron David Fairbanks

BP531 Fractal is tiled by three smaller copies of itself vs. fractal is tiled by five smaller copies of itself.
(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
COMMENTS

More specifically, all left examples shown in this Problem have Hausdorff dimension log2(3) while all right examples have Hausdorff dimension log3(5).


Left examples can tile themselves by any power of 3 smaller same-sized copies of themselves while right examples can tile themselves by any power of 5 smaller same-sized copies of themselves.


Homage to Bongard's original three versus five Problems.

CROSSREFS

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP526 BP527 BP528 BP529 BP530  *  BP532 BP533 BP534 BP535 BP536

KEYWORD

perfect, infinitedetail

CONCEPT fractal (info | search),
recursion (info | search),
self-reference (info | search),
tiling (info | search),
three (info | search),
five (info | search)

WORLD

fractal_self_tile [smaller | same | bigger]

AUTHOR

Aaron David Fairbanks

BP532 Self-tiling fractal using one size of tile vs. does not tile itself with a single size of itself.
(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
CROSSREFS

This is BP344 ("rep-tiles") but for fractals.

See BP1119 for the version with multiple different sizes of tile allowed.

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP527 BP528 BP529 BP530 BP531  *  BP533 BP534 BP535 BP536 BP537

KEYWORD

hardsort, proofsrequired, perfect, infinitedetail, contributepairs

CONCEPT fractal (info | search),
recursion (info | search),
self-reference (info | search),
tiling (info | search)

WORLD

[smaller | same | bigger]
zoom in left (fractal_self_tile)

AUTHOR

Aaron David Fairbanks

BP533 Contains smaller copy of itself vs. doesn't.
(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
CROSSREFS

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP528 BP529 BP530 BP531 BP532  *  BP534 BP535 BP536 BP537 BP538

EXAMPLE

A smaller copy of EX6409 (the black area) can be located within itself, but some of the white space inside it is not retained in this smaller copy.

KEYWORD

perfect, infinitedetail, contributepairs

CONCEPT fractal (info | search),
recursion (info | search),
self-reference (info | search)

WORLD

connected_built_from_self_tile_fractals [smaller | same | bigger]

AUTHOR

Aaron David Fairbanks

BP551 Unstable balance vs. not
(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
REFERENCE

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stability_theory

CROSSREFS

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP546 BP547 BP548 BP549 BP550  *  BP552 BP553 BP554 BP555 BP556

EXAMPLE

The classic example is a pendulum with a solid rod (instead of a string) which has a stable balance point at the bottom of its swing, where if you move the pendulum slightly it will swing back towards that balanced state. However, theoretically the pendulum can also be balanced pointing directly up. In this case, if you move the pendulum slightly it will swing down away from that upwards balanced state.

KEYWORD

updown, rotate, physics, anticomputer, perfect

CONCEPT tumbles_or_stays_put (info | search),
gravity (info | search)

AUTHOR

Jago Collins

BP557 Equal horizontal length vs. not
(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
COMMENTS

All examples in this Problem are pairs of straight line segments.


This problem communicates the idea of projected distance, in this case from 2D to 1D (x-axis).

CROSSREFS

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP552 BP553 BP554 BP555 BP556  *  BP558 BP559 BP560 BP561 BP562

KEYWORD

nice, precise, allsorted, stretch, perfect, unorderedpair, preciseworld

CONCEPT projection (info | search)

WORLD

two_segments [smaller | same | bigger]

AUTHOR

Leo Crabbe

BP559 Cross section of a cube vs. not cross section of a cube
?
(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
COMMENTS

All examples are solid black shapes.


This problem is absurdly hard. It makes a good extreme example. - Aaron David Fairbanks, Nov 23 2020

CROSSREFS

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP554 BP555 BP556 BP557 BP558  *  BP560 BP561 BP562 BP563 BP564

KEYWORD

hard, precise, allsorted, notso, stretch, challenge, left-narrow, perfect

CONCEPT cube (info | search),
cross_section (info | search)

WORLD

fill_shape [smaller | same | bigger]

AUTHOR

Leo Crabbe

BP564 Discrete points intersecting boundary of convex hull vs. connected segment intersecting boundary of convex hull
(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
COMMENTS

If a "string" is wound tightly around the shape, does one of its segments lie directly on the shape?


All examples in this Problem are connected line segments or curves.


We are taking lines here to be infinitely thin, so that if the boundary of the convex hull intersects the endpoint of a line exactly it is understood that they meet at 1 point.

CROSSREFS

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP559 BP560 BP561 BP562 BP563  *  BP565 BP566 BP567 BP568 BP569

EXAMPLE

Imagine wrapping a string around the pointed star. This string would take the shape of the boundary of the star's convex hull (a regular pentagon), and would only touch the star at the end of each of its 5 individual tips, therefore the star belongs on the left.

KEYWORD

hard, nice, allsorted, solved, perfect

AUTHOR

Leo Crabbe

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