The On-Line Encyclopedia of Bongard Problems

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Empty image vs. non-empty image.

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	COMMENTS	`The first Bongard Problem.` `All examples in this Bongard Problem are line drawings (one or more connected figures made up of curved and non-curved lines).`
	REFERENCE	`M. M. Bongard, Pattern Recognition, Spartan Books, 1970, p. 214.`
	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: * BP2 BP3 BP4 BP5 BP6`
	EXAMPLE	`A circle fits on the right because it is not nothing.`
	KEYWORD	`easy, nice, precise, allsorted, unstable, world, left-narrow, left-finite, left-full, left-null, perfect, pixelperfect, finished, traditional, stableworld, deformstable, bongard`
	CONCEPT	`empty (info \| search),` `existence (info \| search),` `zero (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`zoom in left (blank_image) \| zoom in right (curves_drawing)`
	AUTHOR	`Mikhail M. Bongard`

More black than white vs. more white than black.

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	CROSSREFS	`See BP196 for a version of this Problem restricted to uniform textures.` `Adjacent-numbered pages: BP206 BP207 BP208 BP209 BP210 * BP212 BP213 BP214 BP215 BP216`
	KEYWORD	`easy, nice, spectrum, dual, blackwhite, unstable, right-null, perfect, pixelperfect, traditional, continuous, viceversa, bordercontent`
	CONCEPT	`outlined_filled (info \| search),` `size (info \| search),` `texture (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`bmp [smaller \| same \| bigger] zoom in left \| zoom in right`
	AUTHOR	`Giuseppe Insana`

Random arrangement of pixels vs. not so.

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	COMMENTS	`By "random" we mean it's reasonable to expect each pixel in the image was chosen with a constant, consistent chance of being black or white.`
	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP354 BP355 BP356 BP357 BP358 * BP360 BP361 BP362 BP363 BP364`
	KEYWORD	`nice, right-narrow, collective, experimental, blackwhiteinvariant`
	CONCEPT	`pattern_or_random (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`bmp [smaller \| same \| bigger]`
	AUTHOR	`Aaron David Fairbanks`

Two clearly separable groups vs. not so.

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	COMMENTS	`An image of this Bongard Problem will fit as a left example for itself.`
	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP359 BP360 BP361 BP362 BP363 * BP365 BP366 BP367 BP368 BP369`
	KEYWORD	`nice, fuzzy, right-null, traditional, miniworlds`
	CONCEPT	`feature_cluster (info \| search),` `cluster (info \| search)`
	AUTHOR	`Aaron David Fairbanks`

Top half has more black (less white) than bottom half versus vice versa.

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	COMMENTS	`A similar, but different, solution is "center of mass is above the horizontal vs. center of mass is below the horizontal."`
	CROSSREFS	`See BP971 for the version with examples rotated a quarter-turn.` `Adjacent-numbered pages: BP967 BP968 BP969 BP970 BP971 * BP973 BP974 BP975 BP976 BP977`
	KEYWORD	`precise, spectrum, dual, handed, updown, boundingbox, blackwhite, traditional, viceversa, absoluteposition, bordercontent`
	AUTHOR	`Aaron David Fairbanks`

Shapes are congruent if (and only if) they are enclosed in the same space vs. not so.

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	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP1077 BP1078 BP1079 BP1080 BP1081 * BP1083 BP1084 BP1085 BP1086 BP1087`
	KEYWORD	`stub, precise, allsorted`
	CONCEPT	`iff (info \| search)`
	AUTHOR	`Leo Crabbe`

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