The On-Line Encyclopedia of Bongard Problems

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The letter A vs. the letter Б.

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	COMMENTS	`This is the final problem in Bongard's original collection. It is the only member of the collection that makes reference to human culture. This can be interpreted symbolically as foreshadowing that computers will be able to perform the various tasks that humans can do.` `Another idea introduced by this Bongard Problem is that a Bongard Problem can teach its solution to the solver. (See keyword teach.) A large pool of examples can be used for training, as is common in machine learning.`
	REFERENCE	`M. M. Bongard, Pattern Recognition, Spartan Books, 1970, p. 247.`
	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP95 BP96 BP97 BP98 BP99 * BP101 BP102 BP103 BP104 BP105`
	KEYWORD	`easy, nice, teach, arbitrary, anticomputer, culture, finished, bongard`
	CONCEPT	`specific_shape (info \| search),` `specificity (info \| search)`
	AUTHOR	`Mikhail M. Bongard`

Pi-like shape vs. x-like shape.

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	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP165 BP166 BP167 BP168 BP169 * BP171 BP172 BP173 BP174 BP175`
	KEYWORD	`nice, arbitrary, anticomputer, traditional, blackwhiteinvariant`
	CONCEPT	`specific_shape (info \| search),` `specificity (info \| search)`
	AUTHOR	`Harry E. Foundalis`

All connected objects have the same texture vs. some connected objects have different textures.

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	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP185 BP186 BP187 BP188 BP189 * BP191 BP192 BP193 BP194 BP195`
	KEYWORD	`anticomputer, traditional`
	CONCEPT	`distinguishing_crossing_curves (info \| search),` `all (info \| search),` `on_line_or_curve (info \| search),` `outlined_filled (info \| search),` `shape_cluster (info \| search),` `cluster (info \| search),` `same_feature (info \| search),` `same (info \| search),` `texture (info \| search)`
	AUTHOR	`Harry E. Foundalis`

Ghost triangle vs. Ghost rectangle.

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	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP188 BP189 BP190 BP191 BP192 * BP194 BP195 BP196 BP197 BP198`
	KEYWORD	`nice, anticomputer, traditional, dithering`
	CONCEPT	`absence_as_presence (info \| search),` `completed_out_of_box (info \| search),` `ghost (info \| search),` `number (info \| search),` `imagined_shape (info \| search),` `imagined_entity (info \| search),` `triangle (info \| search)`
	AUTHOR	`Harry E. Foundalis`

Some style (font) vs. another style (font).

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	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP192 BP193 BP194 BP195 BP196 * BP198 BP199 BP200 BP201 BP202`
	KEYWORD	`dual, arbitrary, anticomputer, contributepairs`
	CONCEPT	`specific_style (info \| search),` `specificity (info \| search)`
	AUTHOR	`Harry E. Foundalis`

Stays put vs. tumbles.

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	CROSSREFS	`BP273 has the same solution, except all examples are letters.` `Adjacent-numbered pages: BP194 BP195 BP196 BP197 BP198 * BP200 BP201 BP202 BP203 BP204`
	KEYWORD	`nice, handed, updown, rotate, physics, anticomputer, perfect`
	CONCEPT	`base (info \| search),` `downward_upward (info \| search),` `tumbles_or_stays_put (info \| search),` `line_absolute_direction (info \| search),` `absolute_direction (info \| search),` `imagined_line_or_curve (info \| search),` `imagined_entity (info \| search),` `direction (info \| search),` `gravity (info \| search)`
	AUTHOR	`Harry E. Foundalis`

The rope, if extended, reaches the other ball vs. the rope, if extended, does not reach the other ball.

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	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP230 BP231 BP232 BP233 BP234 * BP236 BP237 BP238 BP239 BP240`
	KEYWORD	`anticomputer, traditional`
	CONCEPT	`length_line_or_curve (info \| search),` `reachable (info \| search),` `imagined_line_or_curve (info \| search),` `imagined_entity (info \| search)`
	AUTHOR	`Peter Shanahan`

Upper central line APPEARS shorter than lower central line vs. upper central line APPEARS longer than lower central line.

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	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP232 BP233 BP234 BP235 BP236 * BP238 BP239 BP240 BP241 BP242`
	KEYWORD	`less, anticomputer, subjective, culture, invalid, traditional`
	CONCEPT	`length_line_or_curve (info \| search),` `visual_illusion (info \| search)`
	AUTHOR	`Peter Shanahan`

Impossible solid in 3-D vs. possible solid in 3-D.

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	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP247 BP248 BP249 BP250 BP251 * BP253 BP254 BP255 BP256 BP257`
	KEYWORD	`anticomputer, traditional`
	CONCEPT	`impossible (info \| search),` `3d_impossible_solid (info \| search)`
	AUTHOR	`Andreas Gunnarsson`

Image of something 2-D vs. image of something 3-D.

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	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP326 BP327 BP328 BP329 BP330 * BP332 BP333 BP334 BP335 BP336`
	KEYWORD	`abstract, anticomputer, collective, traditional, dithering`
	CONCEPT	`dimensionality (info \| search),` `3d_solid (info \| search)`
	AUTHOR	`Aaron David Fairbanks`

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