The On-Line Encyclopedia of Bongard Problems

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Empty image vs. non-empty image.

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	COMMENTS	`The first Bongard Problem.` `All examples in this Bongard Problem are line drawings (one or more connected figures made up of curved and non-curved lines).`
	REFERENCE	`M. M. Bongard, Pattern Recognition, Spartan Books, 1970, p. 214.`
	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: * BP2 BP3 BP4 BP5 BP6`
	EXAMPLE	`A circle fits on the right because it is not nothing.`
	KEYWORD	`easy, nice, precise, allsorted, unstable, world, left-narrow, left-finite, left-full, left-null, perfect, pixelperfect, finished, traditional, stableworld, deformstable, bongard`
	CONCEPT	`empty (info \| search),` `existence (info \| search),` `zero (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`zoom in left (blank_image) \| zoom in right (curves_drawing)`
	AUTHOR	`Mikhail M. Bongard`

Pi-like shape vs. x-like shape.

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	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP165 BP166 BP167 BP168 BP169 * BP171 BP172 BP173 BP174 BP175`
	KEYWORD	`nice, arbitrary, anticomputer, traditional, blackwhiteinvariant`
	CONCEPT	`specific_shape (info \| search),` `specificity (info \| search)`
	AUTHOR	`Harry E. Foundalis`

Image of something 2-D vs. image of something 3-D.

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	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP326 BP327 BP328 BP329 BP330 * BP332 BP333 BP334 BP335 BP336`
	KEYWORD	`abstract, anticomputer, collective, traditional, dithering`
	CONCEPT	`dimensionality (info \| search),` `3d_solid (info \| search)`
	AUTHOR	`Aaron David Fairbanks`

The whole satisfies the same rule as its parts vs. not so.

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	COMMENTS	`The "whole" is the entire panel including the bounding box. A "part" is some region either stylistically different or amply separated in space from everything else. Smaller parts-within-parts don't count as parts.` `Rhetorical question: Where would the collection of left examples of this Bongard Problem be sorted by this Bongard Problem? (The question is whether these examples considered together satisfy the pattern that all the parts do, namely that the whole satisfies the pattern that all the parts do.)` `See BP793 and BP999 for similar paradoxes.`
	CROSSREFS	`See BP1006 for the version about numerical properties where each part is a cluster of dots; examples in that BP would be sorted the same way here that they are there.` `See BP999 and BP1003 for versions where each object is itself a collection of objects, so that the focus is on rules specifically pertaining to collections (e.g. "all the objects are different").` `See BP1002 for a Bongard Problem about only visual self-similarity instead of conceptual self-similarity.` `The rule shown in each panel is "narrow" (see BP513^left and BP514^left).` `Adjacent-numbered pages: BP999 BP1000 BP1001 BP1002 BP1003 * BP1005 BP1006 BP1007 BP1008 BP1009`
	KEYWORD	`nice, abstract, anticomputer, creativeexamples, left-narrow, rules, miniworlds`
	CONCEPT	`recursion (info \| search),` `self-reference (info \| search)`
	AUTHOR	`Aaron David Fairbanks`

More black circles than white circles vs. at least as many white circles as black circles.

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	CROSSREFS	`See the twin BP1046.` `Adjacent-numbered pages: BP1039 BP1040 BP1041 BP1042 BP1043 * BP1045 BP1046 BP1047 BP1048 BP1049`
	KEYWORD	`precise, allsorted, spectrum, discrete, preciseworld`
	CONCEPT	`ratio (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`outline_or_fill_circles_same_size [smaller \| same \| bigger]`
	AUTHOR	`Aaron David Fairbanks`

More white circles than black circles vs. at least as many black circles as white circles.

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	CROSSREFS	`See the twin BP1044.` `Adjacent-numbered pages: BP1041 BP1042 BP1043 BP1044 BP1045 * BP1047 BP1048 BP1049 BP1050 BP1051`
	KEYWORD	`precise, allsorted, spectrum, discrete, preciseworld`
	CONCEPT	`ratio (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`outline_or_fill_circles_same_size [smaller \| same \| bigger]`
	AUTHOR	`Aaron David Fairbanks`

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