The On-Line Encyclopedia of Bongard Problems

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BP4

Convex vs. concave.

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	COMMENTS	`All examples in this Problem are outlines of shapes or solid black shapes.`
	REFERENCE	`M. M. Bongard, Pattern Recognition, Spartan Books, 1970, p. 215.`
	CROSSREFS	`BP136 is the same solution (flipped) but with only polygonal outlines and also with extraneous dots distracting from the solution.` `Adjacent-numbered pages: BP1 BP2 BP3 * BP5 BP6 BP7 BP8 BP9`
	KEYWORD	`easy, nice, precise, unstable, right-narrow, finished, traditional, bongard`
	CONCEPT	`concave_convex_angle (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`outline_or_fill_shape [smaller \| same \| bigger]`
	AUTHOR	`Mikhail M. Bongard`

BP31

One line vs. two lines.

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	REFERENCE	`M. M. Bongard, Pattern Recognition, Spartan Books, 1970, p. 224.`
	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP26 BP27 BP28 BP29 BP30 * BP32 BP33 BP34 BP35 BP36`
	KEYWORD	`easy, precise, allsorted, left-narrow, right-narrow, pixelperfect, traditional, bongard`
	CONCEPT	`distinguishing_crossing_curves (info \| search),` `one (info \| search),` `two (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`smooth_crosscurves [smaller \| same \| bigger]`
	AUTHOR	`Mikhail M. Bongard`

BP328

All sides are equal vs. all angles are equal.

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	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP323 BP324 BP325 BP326 BP327 * BP329 BP330 BP331 BP332 BP333`
	KEYWORD	`nice, stretch, left-narrow, right-narrow, traditional, finishedexamples, both`
	CONCEPT	`angle (info \| search),` `length_line_or_curve (info \| search),` `same_feature (info \| search),` `same (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`polygon_outline [smaller \| same \| bigger]`
	AUTHOR	`Aaron David Fairbanks`

BP334

Odd number of dots vs. even number of dots.

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	CROSSREFS	`See BP334 for a version of the same idea, but using arbitrary shapes instead of dots.` `Adjacent-numbered pages: BP329 BP330 BP331 BP332 BP333 * BP335 BP336 BP337 BP338 BP339`
	KEYWORD	`precise, allsorted, number, math, left-narrow, right-narrow, right-null, help, traditional, preciseworld`
	CONCEPT	`even_odd (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`dots [smaller \| same \| bigger]`
	AUTHOR	`Aaron David Fairbanks`

BP345

Intersection of circle and square vs. union of circle and square.

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	COMMENTS	`An image of only a circle or of only a square would be ambiguously categorized.`
	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP340 BP341 BP342 BP343 BP344 * BP346 BP347 BP348 BP349 BP350`
	KEYWORD	`nice, left-narrow, right-narrow, traditional, both`
	CONCEPT	`set_intersection (info \| search),` `set_union (info \| search),` `imagined_shape (info \| search),` `imagined_entity (info \| search),` `overlap (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`[smaller \| same \| bigger]`
	AUTHOR	`Aaron David Fairbanks`

BP347

No pattern (variety of shapes) vs. all shapes have something in common.

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	CROSSREFS	`See BP378 for a similar idea using just two objects per example.` `Adjacent-numbered pages: BP342 BP343 BP344 BP345 BP346 * BP348 BP349 BP350 BP351 BP352`
	KEYWORD	`nice, left-unknowable, right-narrow, traditional, collection`
	CONCEPT	`existence (info \| search),` `shape_cluster (info \| search),` `cluster_of_one (info \| search),` `cluster (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`several_small_misc [smaller \| same \| bigger]`
	AUTHOR	`Aaron David Fairbanks`

BP359

Random arrangement of pixels vs. not so.

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	COMMENTS	`By "random" we mean it's reasonable to expect each pixel in the image was chosen with a constant, consistent chance of being black or white.`
	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP354 BP355 BP356 BP357 BP358 * BP360 BP361 BP362 BP363 BP364`
	KEYWORD	`nice, right-narrow, collective, experimental, blackwhiteinvariant`
	CONCEPT	`pattern_or_random (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`bmp [smaller \| same \| bigger]`
	AUTHOR	`Aaron David Fairbanks`

BP373

Intersection (logical conjunction) vs. union (logical disjunction).

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	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP368 BP369 BP370 BP371 BP372 * BP374 BP375 BP376 BP377 BP378`
	KEYWORD	`abstract, anticomputer, concept, creativeexamples, left-narrow, right-narrow, contributepairs, traditional, miniworlds, dithering`
	CONCEPT	`set_intersection (info \| search),` `set_union (info \| search)`
	AUTHOR	`Aaron David Fairbanks`

BP850

Shape can be maneuvered around the corner vs. not so.

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	REFERENCE	`https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_sofa_problem`
	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP845 BP846 BP847 BP848 BP849 * BP851 BP852 BP853 BP854 BP855`
	KEYWORD	`nice, precise, physics, creativeexamples, proofsrequired, left-narrow, right-narrow, dithering`
	CONCEPT	`rotation_required (info \| search),` `imagined_motion (info \| search),` `physically_fitting (info \| search)`
	AUTHOR	`Leo Crabbe`

BP922

One row is rearranged to make the other by swapping an odd number of object pairs vs. one row is rearranged to make the other by swapping an even number of object pairs.

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	COMMENTS	`The mathematical terms for these operations are even and odd permutations.`
	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP917 BP918 BP919 BP920 BP921 * BP923 BP924 BP925 BP926 BP927`
	KEYWORD	`precise, allsorted, math, left-narrow, right-narrow, unorderedpair, preciseworld, left-listable`
	CONCEPT	`even_odd (info \| search),` `permutation (info \| search)`
	AUTHOR	`Leo Crabbe`

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