The On-Line Encyclopedia of Bongard Problems

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The letter A vs. the letter Б.

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	COMMENTS	`This is the final problem in Bongard's original collection. It is the only member of the collection that makes reference to human culture. This can be interpreted symbolically as foreshadowing that computers will be able to perform the various tasks that humans can do.` `Another idea introduced by this Bongard Problem is that a Bongard Problem can teach its solution to the solver. (See keyword teach.) A large pool of examples can be used for training, as is common in machine learning.`
	REFERENCE	`M. M. Bongard, Pattern Recognition, Spartan Books, 1970, p. 247.`
	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP95 BP96 BP97 BP98 BP99 * BP101 BP102 BP103 BP104 BP105`
	KEYWORD	`easy, nice, teach, arbitrary, anticomputer, culture, finished, bongard`
	CONCEPT	`specific_shape (info \| search),` `specificity (info \| search)`
	AUTHOR	`Mikhail M. Bongard`

Objects below match their "symbols" above, according to one "code" versus objects below match their "symbols" above, according to another "code."

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	COMMENTS	`Circle: VV; square: VΛ; triangle: ΛΛ ; blank: ΛV vs. circle: ΛΛ; square: ΛV; triangle: VV; blank: VΛ.`
	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP116 BP117 BP118 BP119 BP120 * BP122 BP123 BP124 BP125 BP126`
	KEYWORD	`arbitrary, consistentsymbols, traditional`
	CONCEPT	`absence_as_presence (info \| search),` `correspondence (info \| search),` `sides_of_line (info \| search),` `triangle (info \| search)`
	AUTHOR	`Douglas R. Hofstadter`

Some slope vs. another slope.

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	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP153 BP154 BP155 BP156 BP157 * BP159 BP160 BP161 BP162 BP163`
	KEYWORD	`dual, arbitrary, rotate, traditional`
	CONCEPT	`line_slope (info \| search),` `specific_value (info \| search),` `specificity (info \| search)`
	AUTHOR	`Harry E. Foundalis`

Pi-like shape vs. x-like shape.

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	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP165 BP166 BP167 BP168 BP169 * BP171 BP172 BP173 BP174 BP175`
	KEYWORD	`nice, arbitrary, anticomputer, traditional, blackwhiteinvariant`
	CONCEPT	`specific_shape (info \| search),` `specificity (info \| search)`
	AUTHOR	`Harry E. Foundalis`

Some style (font) vs. another style (font).

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	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP192 BP193 BP194 BP195 BP196 * BP198 BP199 BP200 BP201 BP202`
	KEYWORD	`dual, arbitrary, anticomputer, contributepairs`
	CONCEPT	`specific_style (info \| search),` `specificity (info \| search)`
	AUTHOR	`Harry E. Foundalis`

The sum of vertices, line ends, and dots is 7 vs. not so.

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	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP225 BP226 BP227 BP228 BP229 * BP231 BP232 BP233 BP234 BP235`
	KEYWORD	`arbitrary, traditional`
	CONCEPT	`addition (info \| search),` `line_or_curve_endpoint (info \| search),` `dot (info \| search),` `vertex_of_meeting_lines (info \| search)`
	AUTHOR	`Giuseppe Insana`

Five concavities vs. not five concavities.

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	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP226 BP227 BP228 BP229 BP230 * BP232 BP233 BP234 BP235 BP236`
	KEYWORD	`less, noisy, arbitrary, traditional`
	CONCEPT	`indentation (info \| search),` `number (info \| search)`
	AUTHOR	`Giuseppe Insana`

Box divided into six areas vs. box divided into four areas.

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	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP227 BP228 BP229 BP230 BP231 * BP233 BP234 BP235 BP236 BP237`
	KEYWORD	`arbitrary, number, traditional`
	CONCEPT	`number (info \| search)`
	AUTHOR	`Giuseppe Insana`

Opposite (inverse) transformations have been applied to the same specific small square on opposite sides of the dividing line versus not so.

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	COMMENTS	`The original pre-transformed square is the same across all examples, however it is not shown in most examples; what the pre-transformed square looks like must be deduced by the solver.`
	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP834 BP835 BP836 BP837 BP838 * BP840 BP841 BP842 BP843 BP844`
	KEYWORD	`easy, abstract, arbitrary, anticomputer, traditional, rules`
	CONCEPT	`square (info \| search),` `specificity (info \| search)`
	AUTHOR	`Aaron David Fairbanks`

Red shape vs. blue shape.

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	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP906 BP907 BP908 BP909 BP910 * BP912 BP913 BP914 BP915 BP916`
	KEYWORD	`easy, dual, arbitrary, color, experimental`
	AUTHOR	`Aaron David Fairbanks`

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