This is the keyword "dual" on the OEBP.

Given an example there is some way to "flip sides" by altering it. The left-to-right and right-to-left transformations should be inverses.

It is not required that there only be one such transformation. For example, for many handed Bongard Problem, flipping an example over any axis will reliably switch its sorting.

It is not required that every left example must have its corresponding right example uploaded on the OEBP nor vice versa. See the keyword contributepairs for the BPs the OEBP advises users upload left and right examples for in pairs.

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP529 BP530 BP531 BP532 BP533  *  BP535 BP536 BP537 BP538 BP539

meta (see left/right), links, keyword, sideless

bp [smaller | same | bigger]

Aaron David Fairbanks

Left examples have the keyword "leftright" on the OEBP.

See updown.

All "leftright" Bongard Problems are handed.

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP530 BP531 BP532 BP533 BP534  *  BP536 BP537 BP538 BP539 BP540

meta (see left/right), links, keyword, sideless, invariance

handed_visualbp [smaller | same | bigger]

Aaron David Fairbanks

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP578 BP579 BP580 BP581 BP582  *  BP584 BP585 BP586 BP587 BP588

meta (see left/right), links, metaconcept

bp [smaller | same | bigger]

Harry E. Foundalis

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP587 BP588 BP589 BP590 BP591  *  BP593 BP594 BP595 BP596 BP597

meta (see left/right), links, metaconcept, primitive

bp [smaller | same | bigger]

Harry E. Foundalis

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP703 BP704 BP705 BP706 BP707  *  BP709 BP710 BP711 BP712 BP713

meta (see left/right), links, metaconcept, primitive

bp [smaller | same | bigger]

Harry E. Foundalis

Left examples have the keyword "structure" on the OEBP.

Examples of "structures": Bongard Problem, Bongard's Dozen, 4-panel analogy board, sequence of objects with a constant quantity changing from object to object that together represent the quality that is changing, sequence of objects paired with clump of n dots together representing the nth object that should come in the sequence.

If the solver hasn't become familiar with the featured structure, the Bongard Problem's solution may seem convoluted or inelegant. (See keyword assumesfamiliarity.) Once the solver gets used to seeing a particular structure it becomes easier to read that structure and solve Bongard Problems featuring it.

One can non-verbally teach someone how a particular structure works via a Bongard Problem, showing valid examples of that structure versus non-examples. E.g., BP968 for the structure of Bongard Problems and BP981 for the structure of analogy grids. (See the keyword teach.)

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP784 BP785 BP786 BP787 BP788  *  BP790 BP791 BP792 BP793 BP794

meta (see left/right), links, keyword

bp [smaller | same | bigger]

Aaron David Fairbanks

Left-sorted Bongard Problems have the keyword "creativeexamples" on the OEBP.

Be encouraged to contribute new interesting examples to Bongard Problems with this keyword.

There is much overlap with the keyword hardsort.

This is what it usually means to say examples fit on (e.g.) the left of a Bongard Problem in various creative ways: there is no (obvious) general method to determine a left-fitting example fits left.

There is a related idea in computability theory: a "non recursively enumerable" property is one that cannot in general be checked by a computer algorithm.

But keep in mind the tag "creativeexamples" is supposed to mean something less formal. For example, it requires no ingenuity for a human being to check when a simple shape is convex or concave (so BP4 is not labelled "creativeexamples"). However, it is not as if we use an algorithm to do this, like a computer. (It is not even clear what an "algorithm" would mean in this context, since it is ambiguous both what class of shapes the Bongard Problem sorts and how that would be encoded into a computer program's input. There are usually many options and ambiguities like this whenever one tries to formalize the content of a Bongard Problem.)

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP861 BP862 BP863 BP864 BP865  *  BP867 BP868 BP869 BP870 BP871

notso, meta (see left/right), links, keyword

bp [smaller | same | bigger]

Aaron David Fairbanks

Left-sorted Bongard Problems have the keyword "rules" on the OEBP.

In the typical "rules" Bongard Problem, it is possible to come up with many convoluted rules that fit each example, but the intended interpretation is the only simple and obvious one.

Since it is difficult to communicate a rule with little detail, "rules" Bongard Problems are usually infodense.

Typically, each example is itself a bunch of smaller examples that all obey the rule. It is the same as how a Bongard Problems relies on many examples to communicate rules; it likely wouldn't get the answer across with just one example.

Often, each rule is communicated just by showing some examples of things satisfying it placed next to each other. (See keywords left-narrow and right-narrow.) Contrast Bongard Problems, which are more communicative, by showing some examples satisfying the rule and some examples NOT satisfying the rule.

BP1157 is an example of a "rules" Bongard Problem in which each intended rule is communicated by just one example of its application; these rules have to be particularly simple and intuitive, and the individual examples have to be complicated enough to communicate them.

A "rules" Bongard Problem is often collective. Some examples may admit multiple equally plausible rules, and the correct interpretation of each example only becomes clear once the solution is known. The group of examples together improve the solver's confidence about having understood each individual one right.

It is common that there will be one or two examples with multiple reasonable interpretations due to oversight of the author.

All meta Bongard Problems are "rules" Bongard Problems.

Many of the other Bongard-Problem-like structures seen on the OEBP are also about recognizing a pattern. (See keyword structure.)

"Rules" Bongard Problems are abstract, although the individual rules in them may not be abstract. "Rules" Bongard Problems also usually have the keyword creativeexamples.

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP1153 BP1154 BP1155 BP1156 BP1157  *  BP1159 BP1160 BP1161 BP1162 BP1163

fuzzy, meta (see left/right), links, keyword, left-self, rules

Aaron David Fairbanks

Left-sorted Problems have the keyword "miniworlds" on the OEBP.

All examples in this Problem are visual Bongard Problems with multiple objects in most panels. This is key as an intuitive set of allowable objects needs to be communicated by any one sorted image.

There is a decent degree of overlap between rules and "miniworlds", but BP1049 is an example of a "miniworlds" problem where the rule is constant across examples, and BP1155 is an example of a "rules" Problem that would not be tagged "miniworlds".

Although this Problem does sort any BP whose examples are images of Bongard Problems left, it is probably best not to consider them to avoid clutter and more unnecessary keywords being attached to them.

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP1175 BP1176 BP1177 BP1178 BP1179  *  BP1181 BP1182 BP1183 BP1184 BP1185

meta (see left/right), links, keyword

visualbp [smaller | same | bigger]

Leo Crabbe

Alternatively, BP pages on the OEBP with number less than or equal to 394 vs. other BP pages.

https://www.foundalis.com/res/bps/bpidx.htm

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP1189 BP1190 BP1191 BP1192 BP1193  *  BP1195 BP1196 BP1197 BP1198 BP1199

Foundalis's collection includes all Bongard Problems by Bongard.

meta (see left/right), links, right-self, time

Aaron David Fairbanks