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BP16 Clockwise spiraling curve vs. counter-clockwise spiraling curve.
(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
COMMENTS

All examples in this Bongard Problem are non-self-intersecting spiraling curves, perhaps wiggly, perhaps with corners.

REFERENCE

M. M. Bongard, Pattern Recognition, Spartan Books, 1970, p. 219.

CROSSREFS

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP11 BP12 BP13 BP14 BP15  *  BP17 BP18 BP19 BP20 BP21

KEYWORD

nice, handed, gap, finished, traditional, bongard

CONCEPT turn_orientation (info | search),
tracing_line_or_curve (info | search),
rotational_direction (info | search),
direction (info | search)

WORLD

spiral [smaller | same | bigger]

AUTHOR

Mikhail M. Bongard

BP17 Shape with a reflex corner vs. shape without a reflex corner.
(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
COMMENTS

All examples in this Bongard Problem are outlines of shapes.

REFERENCE

M. M. Bongard, Pattern Recognition, Spartan Books, 1970, p. 219.

CROSSREFS

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP12 BP13 BP14 BP15 BP16  *  BP18 BP19 BP20 BP21 BP22

KEYWORD

finished, traditional, bongard

CONCEPT acute (info | search),
angle (info | search),
indentation (info | search)

WORLD

shape_outline [smaller | same | bigger]

AUTHOR

Mikhail M. Bongard

BP18 "Pinched" shape (drastically thinner somewhere in the middle than on the ends) vs. non-pinched shape.
(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
COMMENTS

All examples in this Bongard Problem are oblong outlines of shapes.

REFERENCE

M. M. Bongard, Pattern Recognition, Spartan Books, 1970, p. 219.

CROSSREFS

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP13 BP14 BP15 BP16 BP17  *  BP19 BP20 BP21 BP22 BP23

KEYWORD

finished, traditional, bongard

CONCEPT neck_narrowing (info | search)

WORLD

elongated_outline [smaller | same | bigger]

AUTHOR

Mikhail M. Bongard

BP19 Horizontal pinch vs. vertical pinch.
(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
COMMENTS

All examples in this Bongard Problem are outlines of shapes. More specifically, all examples have a thin horizontal or vertical bridge in the middle connecting two wide ends.

REFERENCE

M. M. Bongard, Pattern Recognition, Spartan Books, 1970, p. 220.

CROSSREFS

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP14 BP15 BP16 BP17 BP18  *  BP20 BP21 BP22 BP23 BP24

KEYWORD

dual, rotate, finished, traditional, bongard

CONCEPT horizontal (info | search),
neck_narrowing (info | search),
vertical (info | search)

WORLD

[smaller | same | bigger]

AUTHOR

Mikhail M. Bongard

BP21 Small shape present vs. all shapes large.
(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
COMMENTS

All examples in this problem include three or fewer outlines of circles and (non-skinny) triangles.

REFERENCE

M. M. Bongard, Pattern Recognition, Spartan Books, 1970, p. 220.

CROSSREFS

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP16 BP17 BP18 BP19 BP20  *  BP22 BP23 BP24 BP25 BP26

KEYWORD

finished, traditional, bongard

CONCEPT existence (info | search),
size (info | search)

WORLD

circle_triangle_outlines [smaller | same | bigger]

AUTHOR

Mikhail M. Bongard

BP22 All shapes approximately the same size vs. shapes of different size.
(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
COMMENTS

All examples in this problem include three or fewer outlines of circles, (near-square) quadrilaterals and (non-skinny) triangles.

REFERENCE

M. M. Bongard, Pattern Recognition, Spartan Books, 1970, p. 221.

CROSSREFS

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP17 BP18 BP19 BP20 BP21  *  BP23 BP24 BP25 BP26 BP27

KEYWORD

finished, traditional, bongard

CONCEPT all (info | search),
average (info | search),
size (info | search)

WORLD

circle_triangle_squareish_outlines [smaller | same | bigger]

AUTHOR

Mikhail M. Bongard

BP23 One vs. two figures.
(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
COMMENTS

All examples in this Problem comprise one or two shape outlines.

REFERENCE

M. M. Bongard, Pattern Recognition, Spartan Books, 1970, p. 221.

CROSSREFS

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP18 BP19 BP20 BP21 BP22  *  BP24 BP25 BP26 BP27 BP28

KEYWORD

easy, nice, precise, number, world, gap, finished, traditional, bongard

CONCEPT number (info | search),
one (info | search),
two (info | search)

WORLD

outlines [smaller | same | bigger]
zoom in left (shape_outline) | zoom in right (two_outlines)

AUTHOR

Mikhail M. Bongard

BP24 A circle vs. no circle.
(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
COMMENTS

All small squares appearing in this problem are axis-aligned.

REFERENCE

M. M. Bongard, Pattern Recognition, Spartan Books, 1970, p. 221.

CROSSREFS

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP19 BP20 BP21 BP22 BP23  *  BP25 BP26 BP27 BP28 BP29

KEYWORD

finished, traditional, bongard

CONCEPT circle (info | search),
existence (info | search)

WORLD

circle_square_eq-tri_small_outlines [smaller | same | bigger]

AUTHOR

Mikhail M. Bongard

BP30 A curve with one self-crossing vs. a curve without a self-crossing.
(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
REFERENCE

M. M. Bongard, Pattern Recognition, Spartan Books, 1970, p. 223.

CROSSREFS

BP1232 is almost exactly the same, but allowing for multiple curves and multiple self-crossings.

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP25 BP26 BP27 BP28 BP29  *  BP31 BP32 BP33 BP34 BP35

KEYWORD

nice, finished, traditional, bongard

CONCEPT x-crossing (info | search),
existence (info | search)

WORLD

crosscurve [smaller | same | bigger]
zoom in right (curve_or_outline)

AUTHOR

Mikhail M. Bongard

BP32 A sharp projection vs. no sharp projection.
(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
REFERENCE

M. M. Bongard, Pattern Recognition, Spartan Books, 1970, p. 224.

CROSSREFS

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP27 BP28 BP29 BP30 BP31  *  BP33 BP34 BP35 BP36 BP37

KEYWORD

nice, notso, finished, traditional, bongard

CONCEPT acute (info | search),
angle (info | search),
cusp (info | search),
protrusion (info | search)

WORLD

shape_outline [smaller | same | bigger]

AUTHOR

Mikhail M. Bongard

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