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BP504 BP pages on the OEBP in need of more examples vs. BP pages with a list of examples that should not be altered.
BP860
BP865
BP928
BP954
BP969
BP970
BP981
BP988
BP989
BP993
BP994
BP999
BP1001
BP1082
BP1085
BP1091
BP1098
BP1137
BP1206
BP1207
BP1208
BP1209
BP1210
BP1211
BP1213
BP1214
BP1215
BP1216
BP1217
BP1218
BP1220
BP1221
BP1222
BP1223
BP1224

. . .

BP1
BP2
BP3
BP4
BP5
BP6
BP7
BP8
BP9
BP10
BP11
BP12
BP13
BP14
BP15
BP16
BP17
BP18
BP19
BP20
BP21
BP22
BP23
BP24
BP25
BP26
BP27
BP28
BP29
BP30
BP32
BP33
BP34
BP35
BP36

. . .

(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
COMMENTS

Left-sorted Bongard Problems have the keyword "stub" on the OEBP.

Right-sorted Bongard Problems have the keyword "finished" on the OEBP.


Users are not able to add or remove examples from Problems tagged "finished." (This is unusual; most Bongard Problems on the OEBP can be expanded indefinitely by users.)


A "finished" Bongard Problem will always admit the alternate, convoluted solution "is [left example 1] OR is [left example 2] OR . . . OR is [last left example] vs. is [right example 1] OR is [right example 2] OR . . . OR is [last right example]".

CROSSREFS

Bongard's original Problems are tagged "finished."

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP499 BP500 BP501 BP502 BP503  *  BP505 BP506 BP507 BP508 BP509

KEYWORD

meta (see left/right), links, keyword, oebp, presentationmatters, left-finite, right-finite, instruction

WORLD

bppage [smaller | same | bigger]

AUTHOR

Aaron David Fairbanks

BP508 Bongard Problems with precise definitions vs. Bongard Problems with vague definitions.
BP1
BP3
BP4
BP6
BP13
BP23
BP31
BP67
BP72
BP103
BP104
BP210
BP292
BP312
BP321
BP322
BP324
BP325
BP329
BP334
BP344
BP348
BP367
BP368
BP376
BP384
BP386
BP389
BP390
BP391
BP523
BP527
BP557
BP558
BP559

. . .

BP2
BP9
BP10
BP11
BP12
BP14
BP62
BP119
BP148
BP364
BP393
BP505
BP508
BP509
BP511
BP524
BP571
BP813
BP847
BP865
BP894
BP895
BP939
BP1002
BP1111
BP1158
(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
COMMENTS

Bongard Problems sorted left have the keyword "precise" on the OEBP.

Bongard Problems sorted right have the keyword "fuzzy" on the OEBP.


In an precise Bongard Problem, any relevant example is either clearly sorted left, clearly sorted right, or clearly not sorted.

(All relevant examples clearly sorted either left or right is the keyword allsorted.)


How can it be decided whether or not a rule is precise? How can it be decided whether or not a rule classifies all "examples that are relevant"? There needs to be another rule to determine which examples the original rule intends to sort. Bongard Problems by design communicate ideas without fixing that context ahead of time. The label "precise" can only mean a Bongard Problem's rule seems precise to people who see it. (This "precise vs. fuzzy" Bongard Problem is fuzzy.)


In an precise "less than ___ vs. greater than ___" Bongard Problem (keyword spectrum), the division between the sides is usually an apparent threshold. For example, there is an intuitive threshold between acute and obtuse angles (see e.g. BP292).


As a rule of thumb, do not consider imperfections of hand drawn images (keyword ignoreimperfections) when deciding whether a Bongard Problem is precise or fuzzy. Just because one can draw a square badly does not mean "triangle vs. quadrilateral" (BP6) should be labelled fuzzy; similar vagueness arises in all hand-drawn Bongard Problems. (For Bongard Problems in which fine subtleties of drawings, including small imperfections, are meant to be considered, use the keyword perfect.)


Sometimes the way a Bongard Problem would sort certain examples is an unsolved problem in mathematics. (See e.g. BP820.) There is a precise criterion that has been used to verify each sorted example fits where it fits (some kind of mathematical proof); however, where some examples fit is still unknown. Whether or not such a Bongard Problem should be labelled "precise" might be debated.

(Technical note: some properties are known to be undecidable, and sometimes the decidability itself is unknown. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision_problem .)

(See the keyword proofsrequired.)

One way to resolve this ambiguity is to define "precise" as meaning that once people decide where an example belongs for a reason, they will all agree about it.


Sometimes the class of all examples in a Bongard Problem is imprecise, but, despite that, the rule sorting those examples is precise. Say, for some potential new example, it is unclear whether it should be included in the Bongard Problem at all, but, if it were included, it would be clear where it should be sorted (or that it should be left unsorted). A Bongard Problem like this can still be tagged "precise".

(If all examples are clearly sorted except for some example for which it is unclear whether it belongs to the class of relevant examples, the situation becomes ambiguous.)

On the other hand, sometimes the class of all examples is very clear, with an obvious boundary. (Keyword preciseworld.)


There is a subtle distinction to draw between Bongard Problems that are precise to the people making them and Bongard Problems that are precise to the people solving them. A Bongard Problem (particularly a non-allsorted one) might be labeled "precise" on the OEBP because the description and the listed ambiguous examples explicitly forbid sorting certain border cases; however, someone looking at the Bongard Problem without access to the OEBP page containing the definition would not be aware of this. It may or may not be obvious that certain examples were intentionally left out of the Bongard Problem. A larger collection of examples may make it more clear that a particularly blatant potential border case was left out intentionally.

CROSSREFS

See BP876 for the version with pictures of Bongard Problems instead of links to pages on the OEBP.

See both and neither for specific ways an example can be classified as unsorted in an "precise" Bongard Problem.

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP503 BP504 BP505 BP506 BP507  *  BP509 BP510 BP511 BP512 BP513

KEYWORD

fuzzy, meta (see left/right), links, keyword, right-self, sideless

WORLD

bp [smaller | same | bigger]

AUTHOR

Aaron David Fairbanks

BP550 Experimental Bongard Problems vs. traditional-style Bongard Problems.
BP195
BP200
BP300
BP359
BP538
BP544
BP545
BP548
BP555
BP570
BP793
BP795
BP797
BP801
BP812
BP813
BP844
BP854
BP859
BP862
BP868
BP902
BP911
BP915
BP920
BP939
BP941
BP942
BP953
BP955
BP957
BP959
BP1008
BP1056
BP1073

. . .

BP1
BP2
BP3
BP4
BP5
BP6
BP7
BP8
BP9
BP10
BP11
BP12
BP13
BP14
BP15
BP16
BP17
BP18
BP19
BP20
BP21
BP22
BP23
BP24
BP25
BP26
BP27
BP28
BP29
BP30
BP31
BP32
BP33
BP34
BP35

. . .

(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
COMMENTS

Left examples have the keyword "experimental" on the OEBP.

Right examples have the keyword "traditional" on the OEBP.


Experimental BPs push the boundaries of what makes Bongard Problems Bongard Problems.


Traditional BPs show some simple property of black and white pictures. The OEBP is a place with many wild and absurd Bongard Problems, so it is useful to have an easy way to just find the regular old Bongard Problems.

CROSSREFS

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP545 BP546 BP547 BP548 BP549  *  BP551 BP552 BP553 BP554 BP555

KEYWORD

subjective, meta (see left/right), links, keyword, left-it

WORLD

bp [smaller | same | bigger]

AUTHOR

Aaron David Fairbanks

BP963 Bongard Problems in which small changes to examples can switch their sorting vs. Bongard Problems in which examples changed slightly enough remain sorted the same way.
BP1
BP4
BP15
BP72
BP211
BP324
BP325
BP335
BP344
BP348
BP367
BP368
BP523
BP816
BP860
BP861
BP920
BP935
BP937
BP2
BP9
BP11
BP14
BP34
BP62
(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
COMMENTS

Left examples have the keyword "unstable" on the OEBP.

Right examples have the keyword "stable" on the OEBP.


For the purposes of this Bongard Problem, "small change" means adding to or removing from an arbitrarily small portion of the image. Other kinds of small change could be explored, such as making changes in multiple small places, translating, rotating, scaling, or deforming the whole image slightly (see also keywords deformunstable vs. deformstable), or even context-dependent small changes (e.g., changing the shadings slightly in BP196, or making small 3d changes to the represented 3d objects in BP333), but they are not considered here.


In a "stable" Bongard Problem, no small change should outright flip an example's sorting. It is allowed for a small change to make an example sorted slightly more ambiguously.


Small changes that make an example no longer even fit in with the format of a Bongard Problem are not considered. (Otherwise, far fewer Bongard Problems would be called "stable".)


For whether small changes make an example no longer fit in with the Bongard Problem, see unstableworld vs. stableworld.


If a Bongard Problem is shown with imperfect hand drawings (keyword ignoreimperfections), it is fine to apply the keyword "unstable" ignoring this. For instance, a hand-drawn version of BP344 would still be tagged "unstable", even though it would show examples wrong by small amounts.

(Note: a BP would only be tagged "ignoreimperfections" in the first place if the underlying idea were such that several small changes could make an example switch sides, no longer fit in with the format of the Bongard Problem, or otherwise be ambiguously sorted.)

CROSSREFS

Stable Bongard Problems are generally perfect and pixelperfect.

Gap (technically) implies stable. (However, in practice it has seemed unnatural to tag BPs "stable" when ALL small changes render certain examples unsortable, as is sometimes the case in "gap" BPs.)


Unstable Bongard Problems are often precise.

Stable Bongard Problems tend to either be fuzzy or otherwise either have a gap or be not allsorted.


See BP1144, which is about all small changes making all examples unsortable rather than some small change making some example switch sides.


See BP1140, which is about any (perhaps large) additions of detail instead of small changes.

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP958 BP959 BP960 BP961 BP962  *  BP964 BP965 BP966 BP967 BP968

EXAMPLE

BP1 is unstable because it's possible to change nothing slightly by adding a pixel to end up with something.

KEYWORD

meta (see left/right), links, keyword, stability

AUTHOR

Aaron David Fairbanks

BP1113 Bongard Problems relating to the OEBP vs. Bongard Problems unrelated to the OEBP.
BP503
BP504
BP518
BP542
BP546
BP919
BP930
BP943
BP967
BP1113
BP1121
BP1125
BP1150
BP1174
BP1
BP2
BP3
BP4
BP5
BP6
BP7
BP8
BP9
BP10
BP11
BP12
BP13
BP14
BP15
BP16
BP17
BP18
BP19
BP20
BP21
BP22
BP23
BP24
BP25
BP26
BP27
BP28
BP29
BP30
BP31
BP32
BP33
BP34
BP35

. . .

(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
COMMENTS

Bongard Problems sorted left have the keyword "oebp" on the OEBP.


Most Bongard Problems relating to the OEBP are meta.

CROSSREFS

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP1108 BP1109 BP1110 BP1111 BP1112  *  BP1114 BP1115 BP1116 BP1117 BP1118

KEYWORD

notso, meta (see left/right), links, keyword, oebp, left-self, metameta

AUTHOR

Leo Crabbe

BP1140 Bongard Problems where there is a way of adding details to some example (without erasing) that would sort it on the other side vs. Bongard Problems where there is no way of adding details to examples that would sort them on the other side.
BP1
BP2
BP3
BP4
BP6
BP14
BP15
BP335
BP5
BP8
BP10
BP11
BP12
BP13
BP16
(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
COMMENTS

This classification is specifically concerned with changes to examples that leave them sortable, as there are almost always ways of adding details to a BP's examples that make them unsortable.


Another version of this Bongard Problem could be made about adding white (erasure of detail) instead of black (addition of detail).

Another version could be made about adding either white or black, but not both.

CROSSREFS

Closely related to gap Problems and stable Problems.

Bongard Problems tagged finishedexamples will fit right.

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP1135 BP1136 BP1137 BP1138 BP1139  *  BP1141 BP1142 BP1143 BP1144 BP1145

KEYWORD

meta (see left/right), links, sideless, invariance

AUTHOR

Leo Crabbe

BP1150 Even BP number on the OEBP vs. odd BP number on the OEBP.
BP2
BP4
BP6
BP8
BP10
BP12
BP14
BP16
BP18
BP20
BP100
BP1150
BP1
BP3
BP5
BP7
BP9
BP11
BP13
BP15
BP17
BP19
BP1073
(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
COMMENTS

This was created as an example for BP1073 (left-it versus right-it).

CROSSREFS

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP1145 BP1146 BP1147 BP1148 BP1149  *  BP1151 BP1152 BP1153 BP1154 BP1155

KEYWORD

less, meta (see left/right), links, oebp, example, left-self, presentationmatters, right-it, experimental, left-listable, right-listable

CONCEPT even_odd (info | search)

AUTHOR

Aaron David Fairbanks

BP1196 Bongard Problems with content touching the border of some examples vs. Bongard Problems with a lip of whitespace around the border of all examples.
BP157
BP211
BP321
BP966
BP971
BP972
BP1008
BP1014
BP1089
BP1093
BP1228
BP1230
BP1
BP2
BP3
BP4
BP5
BP6
BP7
BP8
BP9
BP10
BP11
BP12
BP13
BP14
BP15
BP16
BP17
BP18
BP19
BP20
BP21
BP22
BP23
BP24
BP25
BP26
BP27
BP28
BP29
BP30
BP31
BP32
BP33
BP34
BP35

. . .

(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
COMMENTS

Bongard Problems sorted left have the keyword "bordercontent" on the OEBP.


All of Bongard's original Problems have whitespace around the border of all examples.

CROSSREFS

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP1191 BP1192 BP1193 BP1194 BP1195  *  BP1197 BP1198 BP1199 BP1200 BP1201

KEYWORD

meta (see left/right), links, keyword

AUTHOR

Aaron David Fairbanks

BP1198 Bongard Problems with images featuring dithering to simulate shades of gray vs. no gray.
BP193
BP195
BP196
BP225
BP331
BP373
BP393
BP394
BP812
BP813
BP847
BP850
BP1110
BP1175
BP1184
BP1191
BP1197
BP1224
BP1
BP2
BP3
BP4
BP5
BP6
BP7
BP8
BP9
BP10
BP11
BP12
BP13
BP14
BP15
BP16
BP17
BP18
BP19
BP20
BP21
BP22
BP23
BP24
BP25
BP26
BP27
BP28
BP29
BP30
BP31
BP32
BP33
BP34
BP35

. . .

(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
COMMENTS

Bongard Problems sorted left have the keyword "dithering" on the OEBP.

CROSSREFS

Bongard's original Problems never involved shades of gray. They were just black and white drawings.

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP1193 BP1194 BP1195 BP1196 BP1197  *  BP1199 BP1200 BP1201 BP1202 BP1203

KEYWORD

meta (see left/right), links, keyword

AUTHOR

Aaron David Fairbanks

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