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BP503 "Nice" Bongard Problems vs. Bongard Problems the OEBP does not need more like.
BP1
BP2
BP3
BP4
BP5
BP6
BP7
BP8
BP9
BP11
BP12
BP15
BP16
BP20
BP23
BP30
BP32
BP33
BP50
BP51
BP57
BP59
BP62
BP70
BP71
BP72
BP74
BP76
BP77
BP85
BP97
BP98
BP100
BP106
BP108

. . .

BP213
BP214
BP221
BP231
BP237
BP262
BP538
BP545
BP548
BP555
BP570
BP801
BP862
BP882
BP915
BP920
BP941
BP1000
BP1008
BP1042
BP1043
BP1129
BP1150
(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
COMMENTS

Left-sorted Bongard Problems have the keyword "nice" on the OEBP.

Right-sorted Bongard Problems have the keyword "less." They are not necessarily "bad," but we do not want more like them.

CROSSREFS

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP498 BP499 BP500 BP501 BP502  *  BP504 BP505 BP506 BP507 BP508

KEYWORD

subjective, meta (see left/right), links, keyword, oebp, right-finite, left-it, feedback, time

WORLD

bp [smaller | same | bigger]

AUTHOR

Aaron David Fairbanks

BP508 Bongard Problems with precise definitions vs. Bongard Problems with vague definitions.
BP1
BP3
BP4
BP6
BP13
BP23
BP31
BP67
BP72
BP103
BP104
BP210
BP292
BP312
BP321
BP322
BP324
BP325
BP329
BP334
BP344
BP348
BP367
BP368
BP376
BP384
BP386
BP389
BP390
BP391
BP523
BP527
BP557
BP558
BP559

. . .

BP2
BP9
BP10
BP11
BP12
BP14
BP62
BP119
BP148
BP364
BP393
BP505
BP508
BP509
BP511
BP524
BP571
BP813
BP847
BP865
BP894
BP895
BP939
BP1002
BP1111
BP1158
(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
COMMENTS

Bongard Problems sorted left have the keyword "precise" on the OEBP.

Bongard Problems sorted right have the keyword "fuzzy" on the OEBP.


In an precise Bongard Problem, any relevant example is either clearly sorted left, clearly sorted right, or clearly not sorted.

(All relevant examples clearly sorted either left or right is the keyword allsorted.)


How can it be decided whether or not a rule is precise? How can it be decided whether or not a rule classifies all "examples that are relevant"? There needs to be another rule to determine which examples the original rule intends to sort. Bongard Problems by design communicate ideas without fixing that context ahead of time. The label "precise" can only mean a Bongard Problem's rule seems precise to people who see it. (This "precise vs. fuzzy" Bongard Problem is fuzzy.)


In an precise "less than ___ vs. greater than ___" Bongard Problem (keyword spectrum), the division between the sides is usually an apparent threshold. For example, there is an intuitive threshold between acute and obtuse angles (see e.g. BP292).


As a rule of thumb, do not consider imperfections of hand drawn images (keyword ignoreimperfections) when deciding whether a Bongard Problem is precise or fuzzy. Just because one can draw a square badly does not mean "triangle vs. quadrilateral" (BP6) should be labelled fuzzy; similar vagueness arises in all hand-drawn Bongard Problems. (For Bongard Problems in which fine subtleties of drawings, including small imperfections, are meant to be considered, use the keyword perfect.)


Sometimes the way a Bongard Problem would sort certain examples is an unsolved problem in mathematics. (See e.g. BP820.) There is a precise criterion that has been used to verify each sorted example fits where it fits (some kind of mathematical proof); however, where some examples fit is still unknown. Whether or not such a Bongard Problem should be labelled "precise" might be debated.

(Technical note: some properties are known to be undecidable, and sometimes the decidability itself is unknown. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision_problem .)

(See the keyword proofsrequired.)

One way to resolve this ambiguity is to define "precise" as meaning that once people decide where an example belongs for a reason, they will all agree about it.


Sometimes the class of all examples in a Bongard Problem is imprecise, but, despite that, the rule sorting those examples is precise. Say, for some potential new example, it is unclear whether it should be included in the Bongard Problem at all, but, if it were included, it would be clear where it should be sorted (or that it should be left unsorted). A Bongard Problem like this can still be tagged "precise".

(If all examples are clearly sorted except for some example for which it is unclear whether it belongs to the class of relevant examples, the situation becomes ambiguous.)

On the other hand, sometimes the class of all examples is very clear, with an obvious boundary. (Keyword preciseworld.)


There is a subtle distinction to draw between Bongard Problems that are precise to the people making them and Bongard Problems that are precise to the people solving them. A Bongard Problem (particularly a non-allsorted one) might be labeled "precise" on the OEBP because the description and the listed ambiguous examples explicitly forbid sorting certain border cases; however, someone looking at the Bongard Problem without access to the OEBP page containing the definition would not be aware of this. It may or may not be obvious that certain examples were intentionally left out of the Bongard Problem. A larger collection of examples may make it more clear that a particularly blatant potential border case was left out intentionally.

CROSSREFS

See BP876 for the version with pictures of Bongard Problems instead of links to pages on the OEBP.

See both and neither for specific ways an example can be classified as unsorted in an "precise" Bongard Problem.

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP503 BP504 BP505 BP506 BP507  *  BP509 BP510 BP511 BP512 BP513

KEYWORD

fuzzy, meta (see left/right), links, keyword, right-self, sideless

WORLD

bp [smaller | same | bigger]

AUTHOR

Aaron David Fairbanks

BP513 Bongard Problems whose left examples could stand alone vs. the right side is necessary to communicate what the left side is.
BP1
BP31
BP50
BP328
BP334
BP345
BP356
BP373
BP384
BP386
BP559
BP569
BP850
BP856
BP902
BP922
BP932
BP935
BP937
BP988
BP989
BP999
BP1004
BP1005
BP1006
BP1011
BP1049
BP1080
BP1086
BP1093
BP1098
BP1109
BP1110
BP1145
BP1147

. . .

?
BP544
(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
COMMENTS

Left-sorted Bongard Problems have the the keyword "left-narrow" on the OEBP.


Call a rule "narrow" if it is likely to be noticed in a large collection of examples, without any counterexamples provided.


A collection of triangles will be recognized as such; "triangles" is a narrow rule. A collection of non-triangular shapes will just be seen as "shapes"; "not triangles" is not narrow.


Intuitively, a narrow rule seems small in comparison to the space of other related possibilities. Narrow rules tend to be phrased positively ("is [property]"), while non-narrow rules opposite narrow rules tend to be phrased negatively ("is not [property]").


Both sides of a BP can be narrow, e.g. BP6.

Even a rule and its conceptual opposite can be narrow, e.g. BP20.


What seems like a typical example depends on expectations. If one is expecting there to be triangles, the absence of triangles will be noticeable. (See the keyword assumesfamiliarity for Bongard Problems that require the solver to go in with special expectations.)

A person might notice the absence of triangles in a collection of just polygons, because a triangle is such a typical example of a polygon. On the other hand, a person will probably not notice the absence of 174-gons in a collection of polygons.


Typically, any example fitting a narrow rule can be changed slightly to no longer fit. (This is not always the case, however. Consider the narrow rule "is approximately a triangle".)


It is possible for a rule to be "narrow" (communicable by a properly chosen collection of examples) but not clearly communicated by a particular collection of examples satisfying it, e.g., a collection of examples that is too small to communicate it.


Note that this is not just BP514 (right-narrow) flipped.



Is it possible for a rule to be such that some collections of examples do bring it to mind, but no collection of examples unambiguously communicates it as the intended rule? Perhaps there is some border case the rule excludes, but it is not clear whether the border case was intentionally left out. The border case's absence would likely become more conspicuous with more examples (assuming the collection of examples naturally brings this border case to mind).

CROSSREFS

See BP830 for a version with pictures of Bongard Problems (miniproblems) instead of links.

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP508 BP509 BP510 BP511 BP512  *  BP514 BP515 BP516 BP517 BP518

KEYWORD

dual, meta (see left/right), links, keyword, side

WORLD

bp [smaller | same | bigger]

AUTHOR

Aaron David Fairbanks

BP514 Bongard Problems whose right examples could stand alone vs. the left side is necessary to communicate what the right side is.
BP4
BP31
BP328
BP334
BP345
BP347
BP359
BP373
BP829
BP850
BP922
BP924
BP932
BP1049
BP1171
BP1213
BP1216
BP1219
?
BP544
(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
COMMENTS

Left-sorted Bongard Problems have the the keyword "right-narrow" on the OEBP.


This sorts Bongard Problems based on how BP513 (left-narrow) would sort them if they were flipped; see that page for a description.

CROSSREFS

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP509 BP510 BP511 BP512 BP513  *  BP515 BP516 BP517 BP518 BP519

KEYWORD

dual, meta (see left/right), links, keyword, side

WORLD

bp [smaller | same | bigger]

AUTHOR

Aaron David Fairbanks

BP572 Physical Bongard Problems vs. other visual Bongard Problems
BP199
BP234
BP273
BP274
BP336
BP358
BP536
BP551
BP850
BP896
BP933
BP1016
BP1095
(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
COMMENTS

Left examples have the keyword "physics" on the OEBP. These are visual Bongard Problems that are most easily recognized by people as depicting some physics-related phenomenon. Usually, since physics is described by mathematics, this means there is also a (perhaps complicated) solution that can be described in terms of pure geometry.

CROSSREFS

See also keyword math.

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP567 BP568 BP569 BP570 BP571  *  BP573 BP574 BP575 BP576 BP577

KEYWORD

meta (see left/right), links, keyword, wellfounded

WORLD

visualbp [smaller | same | bigger]

AUTHOR

Aaron David Fairbanks

BP690 Bongard Problem with solution relating to concept: rotation required vs. Bongard Problem unrelated to this concept.
BP175
BP201
BP228
BP229
BP259
BP305
BP529
BP850
BP892
(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
CROSSREFS

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP685 BP686 BP687 BP688 BP689  *  BP691 BP692 BP693 BP694 BP695

KEYWORD

meta (see left/right), links, metaconcept, primitive

CONCEPT This MBP is about BPs that feature concept: "rotation_required"

WORLD

bp [smaller | same | bigger]

AUTHOR

Harry E. Foundalis

BP742 Bongard Problem with solution relating to concept: imagined motion vs. Bongard Problem unrelated to this concept.
BP175
BP201
BP234
BP239
BP323
BP336
BP358
BP369
BP370
BP376
BP389
BP850
BP856
BP933
BP1016
BP1130
(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
CROSSREFS

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP737 BP738 BP739 BP740 BP741  *  BP743 BP744 BP745 BP746 BP747

KEYWORD

meta (see left/right), links, metaconcept

CONCEPT This MBP is about BPs that feature concept: "imagined_motion"

WORLD

bp [smaller | same | bigger]

AUTHOR

Harry E. Foundalis

BP866 Bongard Problems that admit examples fitting the solution in various creative ways vs. not so.
BP200
BP335
BP344
BP346
BP350
BP351
BP352
BP353
BP354
BP355
BP356
BP357
BP361
BP362
BP372
BP373
BP380
BP548
BP792
BP793
BP796
BP802
BP803
BP805
BP827
BP828
BP829
BP831
BP833
BP834
BP835
BP836
BP843
BP845
BP846

. . .

BP1
BP4
(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
COMMENTS

Left-sorted Bongard Problems have the keyword "creativeexamples" on the OEBP.

Be encouraged to contribute new interesting examples to Bongard Problems with this keyword.


There is much overlap with the keyword hardsort.



This is what it usually means to say examples fit on (e.g.) the left of a Bongard Problem in various creative ways: there is no (obvious) general method to determine a left-fitting example fits left.


There is a related idea in computability theory: a "non recursively enumerable" property is one that cannot in general be checked by a computer algorithm.

But keep in mind the tag "creativeexamples" is supposed to mean something less formal. For example, it requires no ingenuity for a human being to check when a simple shape is convex or concave (so BP4 is not labelled "creativeexamples"). However, it is not as if we use an algorithm to do this, like a computer. (It is not even clear what an "algorithm" would mean in this context, since it is ambiguous both what class of shapes the Bongard Problem sorts and how that would be encoded into a computer program's input. There are usually many options and ambiguities like this whenever one tries to formalize the content of a Bongard Problem.)

CROSSREFS

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP861 BP862 BP863 BP864 BP865  *  BP867 BP868 BP869 BP870 BP871

KEYWORD

notso, meta (see left/right), links, keyword

WORLD

bp [smaller | same | bigger]

AUTHOR

Aaron David Fairbanks

BP890 Bongard Problem with solution relating to concept: physically fitting vs. Bongard Problem unrelated to this concept.
BP175
BP850
BP892
(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
CROSSREFS

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP885 BP886 BP887 BP888 BP889  *  BP891 BP892 BP893 BP894 BP895

KEYWORD

meta (see left/right), links, metaconcept

CONCEPT This MBP is about BPs that feature concept: "physically_fitting"

AUTHOR

Leo Crabbe

BP1125 BP pages on the OEBP (with a criterion for sorting examples that in some cases may be very difficult to work out) where users should be certain (i.e. know a proof) about how examples are sorted vs. users can include examples on a side as long as nobody has seen a reason it does not fit there.
BP335
BP344
BP532
BP850
BP1119
BP1137
BP1200
BP1245
(edit; present; nest [left/right]; search; history)
COMMENTS

Left-sorted Bongard Problems have the keyword "proofsrequired" on the OEBP.

Right-sorted Bongard Problems have the keyword "noproofs" on the OEBP.


For every "noproofs" Bongard Problem there could be made a stricter "proofsrequired" version. This stricter version will be hardsort.


Deciding to make a Bongard Problem noproofs adds subjectivity to the sorting of examples (keyword subjective).



One interpretation of topology (a subject of mathematics -- see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topology ) is that a topology describes the observability of various properties. (The topological "neighborhoods" of a point are the subsets one could determine the point to be within using a finite number of measurements.) The analogue of restricting to just the cases where a property is observably true (i.e. "proofsrequired") corresponds to taking the topological "interior" of that property.



TO DO: It may be better to split each of these keywords up into two: "left-proofsrequired", "right-proofsrequired", "left-noproofs", "right noproofs".


CROSSREFS

See keyword hardsort.


Bongard Problems that are left-unknowable or right-unknowable will have to be "noproofs".

Adjacent-numbered pages:
BP1120 BP1121 BP1122 BP1123 BP1124  *  BP1126 BP1127 BP1128 BP1129 BP1130

EXAMPLE

In "proofsrequired" BP335 (shape tessellates the plane vs. shape does not tessellate the plane), shapes are only put in the Bongard Problem if they are known to tessellate or not to tessellate the plane. A "noproofs" version of this Bongard Problem would instead allow a shape to be put on the right if it was just (subjectively) really hard to find a way of tessellating the plane with it.

KEYWORD

meta (see left/right), links, keyword, oebp, instruction

AUTHOR

Aaron David Fairbanks

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