The On-Line Encyclopedia of Bongard Problems

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BP1

Empty image vs. non-empty image.

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	COMMENTS	`The first Bongard Problem.` `All examples in this Bongard Problem are line drawings (one or more connected figures made up of curved and non-curved lines).`
	REFERENCE	`M. M. Bongard, Pattern Recognition, Spartan Books, 1970, p. 214.`
	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: * BP2 BP3 BP4 BP5 BP6`
	EXAMPLE	`A circle fits on the right because it is not nothing.`
	KEYWORD	`easy, nice, precise, allsorted, unstable, world, left-narrow, left-finite, left-full, left-null, perfect, pixelperfect, finished, traditional, stableworld, deformstable, bongard`
	CONCEPT	`empty (info \| search),` `existence (info \| search),` `zero (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`zoom in left (blank_image) \| zoom in right (curves_drawing)`
	AUTHOR	`Mikhail M. Bongard`

BP244

Scanning left-to-right, top-to-bottom, each filled box is separated from the next filled box by the same number of empty boxes vs. not so.

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	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP239 BP240 BP241 BP242 BP243 * BP245 BP246 BP247 BP248 BP249`
	KEYWORD	`left-finite, right-finite, traditional`
	CONCEPT	`all (info \| search),` `subtraction (info \| search),` `outlined_filled (info \| search),` `wrapping_around_bounding_box (info \| search),` `same_number (info \| search),` `same (info \| search),` `texture (info \| search)`
	AUTHOR	`Matthew J. Howells`

BP376

A "chess piece" that moves as shown may reach every square vs. not so.

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	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP371 BP372 BP373 BP374 BP375 * BP377 BP378 BP379 BP380 BP381`
	KEYWORD	`precise, allsorted, notso, left-finite, right-finite, traditional, fixedgrid, preciseworld`
	CONCEPT	`all (info \| search),` `chess-like (info \| search),` `imagined_motion (info \| search),` `motion (info \| search)`
	AUTHOR	`Aaron David Fairbanks`

BP385

Nets of cubes vs. not nets of cubes.

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	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP380 BP381 BP382 BP383 BP384 * BP386 BP387 BP388 BP389 BP390`
	KEYWORD	`nice, notso, left-finite, traditional`
	CONCEPT	`3d_net (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`square_outlines_sharing_edges [smaller \| same \| bigger] zoom in left (cube_net)`
	AUTHOR	`Jago Collins`

BP538

Shown is a box of this Bongard Problem (BP538) vs. not so.

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	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP533 BP534 BP535 BP536 BP537 * BP539 BP540 BP541 BP542 BP543`
	KEYWORD	`less, notso, left-finite, finished, invalid, experimental, funny`
	CONCEPT	`recursion (info \| search),` `self-reference (info \| search)`
	AUTHOR	`Aaron David Fairbanks`

BP854

Nothing vs. nothing.

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	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP849 BP850 BP851 BP852 BP853 * BP855 BP856 BP857 BP858 BP859`
	KEYWORD	`left-finite, right-finite, left-full, right-full, finished, experimental, funny`
	WORLD	`nothing [same \| bigger] zoom in left (nothing) \| zoom in right (nothing)`
	AUTHOR	`Aaron David Fairbanks`

BP920

Is exact specific image (EX6205) vs. is not.

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	COMMENTS	`A spot-the-difference exercise.` `Arguably invalid (solution not simple).`
	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP915 BP916 BP917 BP918 BP919 * BP921 BP922 BP923 BP924 BP925`
	KEYWORD	`less, precise, convoluted, arbitrary, stretch, unstable, left-finite, left-full, perfect, pixelperfect, experimental, funny`
	CONCEPT	`imperfection_small (info \| search),` `specificity (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`bmp [smaller \| same \| bigger]`
	AUTHOR	`Aaron David Fairbanks`

BP934

If "distance" is taken to be the sum of horizontal and vertical distances between points, the 3 points are equidistant from each other vs. not so.

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	COMMENTS	`In other words, we take the distance between points (a,b) and (c,d) to be equal to \|c-a\| + \|d-b\|, or, in other words, the distance of the shortest path between points that travels along grid lines. In mathematics, this way of measuring distance is called the 'taxicab' or 'Manhattan' metric. The points on the left hand side form equilateral triangles in this metric.` `⠀` `An alternate (albeit more convoluted) solution that someone may arrive at for this Problem is as follows: The triangles formed by the points on the left have some two points diagonal to each other (in the sense of bishops in chess), and considering the corresponding edge as their base, they also have an equal height. However, this was proven to be equivalent to the Manhattan distance answer by Sridhar Ramesh. Here is the proof:` `⠀` `An equilateral triangle amounts to points A, B, and C such that B and C lie on a circle of some radius centered at A, and the chord from B to C is as long as this radius.` A Manhattan circle of radius R is a turned square, ♢, where the Manhattan distance between any two points on opposite sides is 2R, and the Manhattan distance between any two points on adjacent sides is the larger distance from one of those points to the corner connecting those sides. Thus, to get two of these points to have Manhattan distance R, one of them must be a midpoint of one side of the ♢ (thus, bishop-diagonal from its center) and the other can then be any point on an adjacent side of the ♢ making an acute triangle with the aforementioned midpoint and center.
	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP929 BP930 BP931 BP932 BP933 * BP935 BP936 BP937 BP938 BP939`
	KEYWORD	`hard, allsorted, solved, left-finite, right-finite, perfect, pixelperfect, unorderedtriplet, finishedexamples`
	CONCEPT	`triangle (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`3_dots_on_square_grid [smaller \| same \| bigger]`
	AUTHOR	`Leo Crabbe`

BP962

White vs. black.

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	CROSSREFS	`Adjacent-numbered pages: BP957 BP958 BP959 BP960 BP961 * BP963 BP964 BP965 BP966 BP967`
	KEYWORD	`precise, allsorted, minimal, dual, blackwhite, gap, left-finite, right-finite, left-full, right-full, left-null, finished, preciseworld, unstableworld`
	WORLD	`[smaller \| same \| bigger] zoom in left (blank_image) \| zoom in right (black_image)`
	AUTHOR	`Leo Crabbe`

BP1056

Blank image vs. nothing.

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	COMMENTS	`Two kinds of "nothing".`
	CROSSREFS	`See also BP1219, "blank image vs. image of blank square".` `Adjacent-numbered pages: BP1051 BP1052 BP1053 BP1054 BP1055 * BP1057 BP1058 BP1059 BP1060 BP1061`
	KEYWORD	`left-finite, right-finite, left-full, right-full, left-null, finished, invalid, experimental, funny, finishedexamples`
	CONCEPT	`empty (info \| search),` `existence (info \| search),` `zero (info \| search)`
	WORLD	`blank_image [smaller \| same \| bigger] zoom in left (blank_image) \| zoom in right (nothing)`
	AUTHOR	`Aaron David Fairbanks`

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